መጀመርያ መን እዩ ስለፊ ዲሞክራሲ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ዘይፈልጥ እኳ ኣሎ እንተዘይተባህለ ገለ ውሑዳት ግን ብርግጽ ዘይፈልጥዎ ክህልዉ ይኽእሉ። ሰልፊ ዲሞክራሲ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ነቲ ቅኑዕ ቅኑዕ፥ ነቲ ጌጋ ከኣ ጌጋ እናበለ፥ ካብቲ ብጉባኤታቱ ኣቢሉ ዝጸደቐ መተከላቱ ንየማን ይኹን ንጸገም ከየላገሰ ንጹር ዕላማኡ ተኸቲሉ ዘሰላስል ሰልፊ እዩ።
እቲ ኣዝዩ ዘገርም ግና እቲ ኣብ ልዕሊ እዚ ሰልፊ ዝወርድ ዝነበረ ጸለመን ምክፋእን ክሳብ ከም ካልኣይ ገጽ ናይ ሓደ ቀርሺ ምስ ስርዓት ኣስመራ ከመሳስልዎ ዝተነዝሐ መናፍሓትን ሓሶታትን እናፈሸለ ይኸይድ ምህላዉ እዩ። ብድሕሪ ሕጂ ነዚ ብዝምልከት ዝቕልቀል ከኣ ኣጉል ሽጣራን ዝጠፈሸ ኣገባብን እዩ ክኸውን። ስለዚ መን እዩ ሰልፊ ዲሞክራሲ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ምግላጽ ደጊም መዓልቱ ወይ ግዚኡ ኣኺሉ እዩ። እዚ ሰልፊ እዚ ብሃገራውነቱን ፖለቲካዊ ራኢይኡን ህዝቢ ከይርደኦ፡ ከይፈልጦን ከይዓስሎን ብዝተፈልለዩ ወገናት ንምዕንቃፍ፡ ኣንጻሩ ዝንዛሕ ዝነበረ ምዃኑ መባእታዊ ናይ ፖለቲካ ኣፍልጦ ንዘለዎ ኣካል ንጹር እዩ።
እዚ ሰልፊ እዚ ዝገብሮ መዓልታዊ ምንቅስቓሳትን ተጻዋርነትን ንኸምክኑ ካብ ነዊሕ ግዜ ኣትሒዙ ካሳብ እዛ ሰዓት እዚኣ ሕብርታቱን ዓይነቱን እናተቐያየረ ዝውርወር ዝነበረ ሓሶታት እናፈዀሰ ይብለል’ኳ እንተሃለወ፥ ጸጸኒሖም ዝቕልቀሉ ባእታታት ግን ፈጺሞም ካብቲ እኩይ ተግባራቶም ምሉእ ብምሉእ ኣይተዓገሱን። እዚ ሰልፊ እዚ ተበዲሉ እንከሎ ከም በደለኛን፥ ጸረ-ሃገርን ሓድነትን ርእይቶ ካለኦት ዘይቕበልን ገይሮም ከቕርብዎን ክኸስዎን እንከለዉ፡ ርኢና ከምዘይረኣና ክንሓልፎ ጸኒሕና። ናይዚ ሕድገት ቀዳማይ ምኽንያትና ነቲ ንህዝብና ጅሆ ሒዙ ዝሳቒ ዘሎ ምውጋእ ምዃኑ ስለ ኣነቐድም እዩ። በቲ ካልእ ወገን ከኣ ሓሶትን ጠቐነን ውዒሉ ሓዲሩ ዝፈሽልን ዝፈኲስን ምዃኑ ስለ እንርዳእ እዩ። እዚ ክበሃል እንከሎ ግና እቲ ዘይሓላፍነታዊ ጸለመታት ሃስያታት ኣይነበሮን ማለት ኣይኮነን።
እቲ ክርአ ዝጸንሐ ጹረትን ትዕግስትን መንቀሊኡ ሕመቕ ዘይኮነ፡ ምእንቲ ሓድነት ህዝብን ሃገርን እዩ። በዚ ምኽንያት ክግለጽ ዝግበኦ ዘይተገልጸ ሓቅታት ከም ዝተሓልፈ ፍሉጥ እዩ። እቶም ነዚ ሰልፊ ክጸልእዎን ከርሕቕዎን ዝህቅኑ ገለ ወገናት ኣካይደኦም ንረብሓ ኩላትና ይመስሎም ይነብር። ውድባት ኣይረብሓን እየን፥ ኣይሰርሓን እየን እናተባህለ ብድፉኑ ምውራይ ነዚ ሰልፊ ሃስይዎ እዩ። እቶም ከምኡ ዓይነት ጃምላዊ ፍርዲ ዝህቡ ሰልፍና ይሰርሖ ንዝነበረ ይድምስሱ ስለ ዝነበሩ። ሎሚ ከኣ ሕሉፍ ሓሊፍዎም ንሰልፍና መዳርግቲ’ቲ ንህዝብና ዝጭቚንን ዘጋፍዕን ዘሎ ስርዓት እዩ ክብሉ ይመጣጠሩ ኣለዉ። ኣብዚ ጉዳያት እቲ መንእሰይ ይኹን እቲ ብዛዕባ እዚ ሰልፊ ኣፍልጦ ዘይብሉ ወገናት ምእንቲ ክመዝን፥ ገለ ካብቲ ንጹር ራኢ እዚ ሰልፊ ምጥቃስ ኣድላዪነት ኣለዎ።
1- ስልጣን ዋንኡ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ እዩ።
2- ንእንኮ ሰልፊ ዘይኮነስ ኣብዝሓ ሰልፍታት የድልየና።
3- ስርዓት ህግደፍ ምልጋስ ብኤርትራዊ ሓይልን ለውጢ ካብ ውሽጥን።
4- ህልዊ ስርዓት ኣልጊስካ፡ ኣብ ክንድኡ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ብዘጽድቖ ቅዋም ዝግዛእ መንግስቲ ምምስራት
5- ንጉዳይ ሃገር ሓቢርካ ብምስራሕን ዲሞክራሲያዊ ስርዓት ብምትካልን መሰል ኩለን ብሄራት፡ ኣውራጃታትን ውልቀሰብን ዘውሕስ ሕጊ ክሕንጸጽ።
6- ግርጭታት ብሰላማውን ዲምክራሲያውን ኣገባብ ምፍታሕን ሰላማዊ ምቅብባል ስልጣንን፥
7- ንኹሉ ዝሓቊፍ ሰፊሕ ሃገራዊ ጽላል ክምስረት
8- ስልጣንን ጸጋታትን ሃገር ብማዕረ ክመቓራሕ ... ወዘተ ዝኣምንን ንምዕዋቱ ዝቃለስን ሰልፊ እዩ።
እዚ ገለ ካብቲ መትከላት ናይቲ ሰልፊ እዩ። ስለዚ ብሓደ ወገን ምልክን ምልካዊ ኣተሓሳስባን በቲ ካልእ ወገን ድማ ኣብ ቅድሚ ሕጂ ኩሉ ማዕረ ምዃኑን ልዕሊ ሕጊ ክኸዱ ዝደልዩ ንኸይቅልቀሉን ብትብዓት ዝቃለስ ዘሎ ሰልፊ እዩ። በዚ መሰረት ኣቶም እቲ ጽባሕ ክምስረት ንቃለሰሉ ዘለና ስርዓት ካብዚ ወጻኢ ክኸውን ዝጽበዩ ወገናት ዝነዝሕዎ ጸለመ ንፋስ ከምዝወቕዖ ሓሰር ዝብተን ክኸውን እዩ።
ድራር መንታይ
ኣኽብሮት ማለት ክብረት ንዝግበኦ ክብሪ ምሃብን፡ ክብረትን ሓድነትን ኣብ ሰብ ማለት ኢዩ። ምክብባር እንተድኣ ኣልዩና ንህይወት ካብኡ ንላዕሊ ዘገድስ ነገር የለን።ኣኽብሮት ብፍላይ በቶም ኣብ ህይወቶም ብዙሕ ተመክሮ ዝደለቡ ናይ ዕድመ ሰብ ጸጋ ወይ በቶም ንብዙሕ ዓመታት ኣብ ትምህርቲ ግዜኦም ዘሕለፉ ምሁራት ሰባት ግቡእ ክብሪ ረኺባ ኢያ። ምኽንያቱ ኣብ ጉዕዞ ህይወት፣ ፍልጠት፣ኣርሒቕካ ምሕሳብን ልቦናን ብብዙሕ ጻዕሪን ብቕጻሊ ትምህርቲ ናይ ስነ ስርዓትን (ስነ-ምግባር) ዝርከብ ኢዩ። ንምክብባር ከም ሕያውነት ወይ ጽቡቕ ጠባይ ምኹስኳስ ማለት ንኹሉ ዕላማ፣እምነት ወይ ተግባር ናይ ሰባት ናይ ግድን ክብሪ ይግበኦም’ዩ ማለት ዘይኮነ፣ንመሰረታዊ ክብሪ ናይ ደቂ ሰባት ንካልኦት ክንፈልጠሎም ኣሎና ማለት’ዩ። ዋላ’ውን ዕላማኦምን ክብሩን ካብ ናትና ዝተፈልየ ወይ ምስ ናትና ዘይሳማማዕ አንተኾነ። ኣብ ማሕበረ-ሰብና ወይ ሃይማኖታዊ ትካላትና ምክብባር ማለት ንኻልኦት ሰባት ግዳይ ናይ ጽልእን ቂምን ብምግባር ፈጠርቲ ናዕብን ህውከትን ከም ዝኾኑ ምግባር ማለት ኣይኮነን። ሓፈሻዊ ኣረኣእያ ናይ ምክብባር እምበኣር ኣብ መንጎና ሰላምን ስምምዕን ዘራጋግጽ ኮይኑ፣ ነብሲ-ወከፍ ሰብ ግዲኡ ከበርክት ወይ ናይ ምምሃር ድሌት እንተዽኣ ኣልዩና’ውን ክምህረና ትጽቢት ይግበር።
እዛ ጥዕምቲ ቤትና ጠባይና ዝህነጸሉ ሚዛን ኣመለኻኽታና ዝቕረጸሉ መሰረታዊትን ዝበለጸትን ቤት ትምህርቲ ኢያ። ንመሰረታዊ ናይ ሞራል መትከልን ማሕበራዊ ጠባያትን ካብቲ ኣቛቑማ ናይ ሓንቲ ስድራ-ቤት ካብ ወለድና ኢና እንመሃር። ኣኽብሮት ምስ ስነ-ምግባርን ሞራልን ብምትሕሓዝ ኣብ ቤትና እነማዕብሎ ትኽክለኛ ጠባይ ኢዩ። ሃብትና እንተ ጠፍኤ ኣብ ዝኾነ ግዜ ዝትካእ ስለ ዝኾነ ብዙሕ እንኸስሮ የልቦን፣ነቲ ብኣኽብሮት ዝግለጽ ጠባይና እንተ ኣጥፋእና ግን ኩሉ ነገር ከሲርና ማለት’ዩ። ንካልኦት ከነፍቅርን ከነኽብርን እንኽእል ንነብስና ከነፍቅርን ከነኽብርን ከሎና ጥራሕ ስለ ዝኾነ፣ኣኽብሮት ንነብስና ከመይ ዝበለ ሞራል ከም ዘሎና ዝሕብር ክኸውን ከሎ፣ኣኽብሮት ንኻልኦት ሰባት ግን ኩነታት ጠባይና ዝሕብር ብምዃኑ፣ንዝኾነ ሰብ ምኽባር ልቦናን ክብርን ዝህብ ከም ዝኾነ ክንግንዘብ ይግባእ።እሙናት ኣዕሩኽ ክህልዉና ንደሊ እንተድኣ ኮይና፣ንኩሉ ሰብ ከነኽብር ይግባኣና።ምኽንያቱ ክብሪ ሰብ ዘይሕልዉ ሰባት ውሑዳት ኣዕሩኽትን ተሓባበርትን ይህልውዎም፣ ካልኦት ሰባት’ውን ክቐርብዎም ሕጉሳት ኣይኮኑን።እምበኣር ኣብ ህይወትና ክንከብር ንደሊ እንተድኣ ኮይና፣ብዘይኣፈላላይ ናይ ዕድመ፣ዓሌት፣ ጾታ፣ ሃይማኖት ንኻልኦት ሰባት ከነኽብር ኣሎና።ነብሲ-ወከፍ ሰብ ከም ሰብ መጠን ክኽበር ኣለዎ፣ ናቱ ወይ ናታ ፋይናንሲያዊ ትሕዝቶ፣ ሃይማኖታዊ እምነት፣ ማሕበራዊ ምትእስሳር፣ፖሊቲካዊ ስነ-ሓሳብ ብዘየገድስ ።ንኻልኦት ሰባት ከነኽብር ከሎና ንነብስና ነኽብር ኣሎና ማለት’ዩ። ንነብስና እንተ ኣኽበርና ስነ-ስርዓት ከም ዝህልወና ይገብር፣እቲ እነርእዮ ስነ-ስርዓት ከኣ ናይ ካልኦት ሰባት ስምዒት ከም እንርዳእ ይገብረና።ዋላ ንዓና’ውን ዝምልከት እንተ ዘይኮነ፣ንካልእ ሰብ ግን ኩሉ ነገር ማለት ስለ ዝኾነ ናይ ኮልኦት ሰባት ስምዒት ከነኽብር የድልየና። ኣኽብሮትና ንካልእ ሰብ ብምርኣይና ብግልጺ ሓደ ኣገዳሲ ክፋል ኣብ ምህናጽ ጥቡቕ ውልቃዊ ዝምድና ዝሕግዝ ወሳኒ ተግባር ነርኢ ኣሎና። እዛ እትስዕብ ኣገዳሲት ሓጻር ታሪኽ ንፍረ-ነገርን ኣድላይነትን ኣኽብሮት ንነብስኻን ንካልኦትን እተዘንቱ ስለ ዝኾነት ተገዲስና ንከታተልንመሃር።
ሓደ ግዜ ሓደ ድኹም ሽማግለ ሰብኣይ ምስ ወዱን ሰበይቲ ወዱን ምስ ሓደ ወዲ ኣርባዕተ ዓመት ወዲ ወዱን ክነብር ከደ።ኣእዳው ናይቲ ሽማግለ ሰበኣይ ዘንቀጥቅጣ፣ኣዒንቱ ጽልግልግ ዝብላ፣ኣብ ኣሰጓጉማኡ ዝተዓናቐፍ ነበረ።.እቶም ስድራ ኣብ ናይ ድራር ጠረጰዛ ብሓባር ይበልዑ ነበሩ፣እንተኾነ እተን ዘንፈጥፍጣ ኣእዳውን ዘይርእያ ድኹማት ኣዒንትን ናይቲ ሽማግለ ኣብ መግቢ ሓቢርካ ምብላዕ ሽግር ፈጠራ። ዓይኒ-ዓተር ካብ ማንካኡ ኣንከራርየን ናብ ምድሪ-ቤት ወደቓ፣ጸባ ዝሓዘ ኩባያ ምስ ኣልዓለ እቲ ጸባ ናብቲ ጨርቂ መሸፈን ጠረጴዛ ፈሰሰ፣ወዱ ነቲ ሽማግለን ሰበይቲ ወዱን ብሰንኪ’ቲ ሽማግለ ሰብኣይ ዘጋጠመ ርስሓትን ድብልቕልቅን ሓረቑ።ስለዚ ወዱ ብዛዕባ ኣቦይ ሓደ ነገር ክንገብር ኣሎና በለ፣ብብዝሒ ዝፈስስ ጸባን፣ብርቱዕ ድምጺ ዝህብ ኣበላልዕዑን ናብ ምድሪ-ቤት ዝወደቐ መግብን ቀሊል ኣይኮነን፣ብማለት እቶም ሰብኣይን ሰበይትን ሓንቲ ንእሽቶ ጠረጴዛ ኣብ ኩርናዕ ናይቲ መግቢ ዝብለዖ ክፍሊ ኣዳለዉ።እቲ ኣባሕጎ ንበይኑ ኣብታ ንእሽቶ ጠረጴዛ እናተመገበ፣እቶም ዝተረፉ ስድራ-ቤት ግን ኣብቲ ናይ ስድራ-ቤት መብልዒ ጠረጴዛ እናተሓጎሱ ብሓባር ይምገቡ ነበሩ።እቲ ኣባሕጎ በብግዚኡ ክልተ-ሰለስተ ሸሓኒ ሰይሩ ስለ ዝነበረ፣ብድሕሪ’ዚ መግቡ ኣብ ብዕንጨቲ ዝተሰርሐ ዕሙቕ ዝበለ ሸሓኒ ይምገብ ነበረ።እቶም ስድራ-ቤት ናብቲ ኣባሕጎ ገጾም ቁሊሕ እንተበሉ ሓደ-ሓደ ግዜ ንበይኑ ኮፍ ኢሉ ክነብዕ ይረኤ።ገለ ፋርኬታ ወይ መግቢ እንተ ኣውደቐ እቶም ሰብኣይን ሰበይትን ኣብኡ ዘውጽእዎ ዝነበሩ መሪር ቃላት ሓውሲ ተግሳጽ ወይ ኩራ ነበረ። ነዚ ኩሉ ተግባር ናይቶም ሰብኣይን ሰበይትን እቲ ወዲ ኣርባዕተ ዓመት ሕጻን ብጽሞና ይዕዘብ ነበረ።ሓደ ምሸት ቅድሚ ድራር እቲ ኣቦ፣ ነቲ ሕጻን ወዱ ኣብ ምድሪ-ቤት ከፍ ኢሉ ብስብርባር እንጨቲ ኳሕኳሕ ከብል ከሎ ተዓዘቦሞ፣ብልኡም ቃላት እንታይ ይገብር ከም ዘሎ ሓተቶ፣እቲ ሕጻን ድማ ከምቲ ናይ ኣቡኡ ልስልስ ብዝበሉ ቃላት ኦ !! ንእሽቶ ሸሓኒ ኢየ ዘዳሉ ዘለኹ፣ ኣነ ምስ ዓበኹ ንዓኻን ንማማን መብልዒ ዝኾናኹም ኢሉ ብምምላሽ፣ፍሽኽ ኢሉ ስርሑ ናብ ምቕጻል ከደ።
ቃላት ናይ’ቲ ሕጻን ነቶም ወለዲ ኣዚዩ ስለ ዝተሰመዖም ክዛረቡ ኣይከኣሉን፣በቲ ዝተሰምዖም ናይ ሕሊና ወቐሳ ንብዓቶም ከም ውሕጅ ብምዕጉርቶም ወረር ኢሉ ወረደ።ክዛረቡኳ እንተ ዘይከኣሉ ክልቲኦም እንታይ ከም ዝግበር ፈለጡ፣እቲ ሰብኣይ ንናይ ኣቡኡ ኣእዳው ብምሓዝ ቀስ ኢሉ መሪሑ ኣብታ ናይ ስድራ-ቤት ጠረጴዛ ኣቐመጦ።ዝተረፈት ዕድመ-ህይወቱ ድማ እቲ ኣባሕጎ ኣብታ ናይ ስድራ-ቤት ጠረጴዛ እናተመገበ ሓለፈ።ካብዚ ንደሓር ሰብኣይ ይኹን ሰበይቱ ብዛዕባ’ቲ ዝወድቕ ፋርኬታ፣ዝፈስስ ጸባ ይኹን ዝበላሾ ጨርቂ- ጠረጴዛ ብዙሕ ምግዳስ ኣይነበሮምን።
እምበኣር ካብዛ ሓጻር ታሪኽ እዚኣ እንመሃሮ ፍረ-ነገር ወይ ስነ-ምግባር ሓደ ሰብ “ዝዘርኦ ከም ዝዓጽድ ወይ ከም ዝሓፍስ” ኢዩ።ምስ ወለድና ዘሎና ዝምድና ወይ ርክብ ብዘየገድስ፣ ወለድና ብህይወት ካባና ምስ ተፈልዩ ጥራሕ ኢና ኩሉ ግዜ እንናፍቖም።ነቲ ጽቡቕ ተግባራቶምን ልቦናኦምን ልዑል ዋጋ ብምሃብ ኩሉ ግዜ ብኣኽብሮት ንዝክሮም።እምበኣር ንደቅና ኩሉ ግዜ ነኽብሮምን ንከናኸኖምን እንተድኣ ኮይና፣ንሳቶም’ውን ብግዲኦም ከምቲ ኣብ ታሪኽ ናይ’ቲ ሽማግለ ሰብኣይ ዝረኣናዮ ምስ ኣረግናን ምስ ደኸምናን ከኽብሩናን ክካናኸኑናን ኢዮም። “ኢድ ሸናሒት ጸናሒት” ስለ ዝኾነ። ልክዕ’ዩ ፍልጠት እንተድኣ ሰኒቕና፣ሞያዊ ብቕዓት ንምውሓስ ዕድል ይህበና።ብተዛማዲ ጽቡቕ ጠባይ እንተድኣ መስሪትና፣ ናይ ምክብባር ጠባይ ከነማዕብል ዕድል ይህበና።ናይ ጥንቲ ወለድና ጽቡቕ ሞራል ወይ ስነ-ስርዓት ነይሩዎም ኢዩ።ምኽንያቱ ዝነኣድ ጥበብ ወይ ብልሓት ስለ ዝነበሮም።እንተኾነ ነቲ ካብ ወለድና ዝወረስናዮ ዝነኣድ ናይ ሞራናን ስነ-ስርዓትናን ጠቕሚ ኣብ ኤርትራ ኣባና ክብጽሕ በቢቑሩብ ክሃስስ(ከንቆልቁል) ጀሚሩ። ምኽንያቱ ገለ ውልቀሰባት ነቶም ብዕድመ ዝደፍኡ ወለዲ ኣብ ክንዲ ብትሕትናን ብኣኽብሮትን ኣጸዋውዓ ኣቱም ኣቦይ፣ ኣትን ኣደይ ምባል ቁንጭል ኣቢልካ ኣታ ሰብኣይ! ኣቲ ሰበይቲ! ኢሎም ብምጽዋእ ከሕስርዎምን ከናሽዉዎምን ስለ ዝጀመሩ።ንሕና እቶም ኣብ ወጻኢ እንነብር ዘሎና’ውን ነቲ ካብ ሽማግለታትና ዝወረስናዮ ዝነኣድ ሞራልን ጽቡቕ ስነ-ምግባርን ንኽብረዝ ኣብ ምቅልጣፉ ሓጋዚ ተራ ተጻዊትና ኢና።ምኽንያቱ ኣብ ወጻኢ መጺና ነቶም ካባና ዝተፈልየ ባህላዊ ተመክሮታትን ጽልዋታቶምን ስለ ዝተጠቐምና።ኩሎም እቶም ናይ ቅኑዕ ሞራል ክብርታትን ዝነኣዱ ናይ ጠባይ ተመክሮታትን ካብ ወለድና ዝተመሃርናዮም ናብ መንእሰያት ተካእትና ካብ ምትሕልላፍ ብርግጽ ፈሺልና ኢና።ምኽንያቱ ምክብባር ንጽቡቕ ተግባር ኣዚዩ ዝነኣድ ምዃኑ ክንርደኦ ኣይከኣልናን። ምናልባት ብምስትብሃል ትዕዝብቲ ኣይንወስደሉን ንኸውን እምበር ፣ኩሉ’ቲ ኣብ ርእሲ ካልእ ሰብ እንገብሮ ሕማቅ ተግባራት ተመሊሱ ንዓና ኢዩ ዘሕስረና። እቲ ኣብ ህይወትና ንነዊሕ ግዜ ዘዋህለልናዮ እከይ ተግባራት እናጸንሐ ኢዩ ዝርብሸና።ኣብ መጨርሽታኡ ከኣ ናብ ሓደ ኣጸያፊ ፍጡር ኣብ ዓለም ይልውጠና።እምበኣር ነዚ ኣብ ወጻኢ ዝነብር ሕብረተ-ሰብና ዘርእዮ ዘሎ ናይ ሞራል ውድቀት(ፍዘት) ንምብርባር ምንቅስቓስ ዘድለየና ይመስል። መናድቕ ናይ ባህላዊ ውርሻናን ልምዳዊ ተመክሮታትናን ብዘይተደለይቲ ለውጥታት ኣብ ጠባያታትና ተሰባቢሮም’ዮም። ፋሕ-ብትን ዝኣተዎ ማሕበረ-ሰብ፣ ዝተፋናጨሉ ሃይማኖታዊ ትካላትን ዝተበታተኑ ስድራ-ቤታትን ኣለዉና።ሕብረተ-ሰብና ብዘሕዝን ኩነታት ይከፋፈል ከምዘሎ ዘረዳኣካ ናይ ሰብኣይን ሰበይትን ፍትሕን ውላድ ካብ ወለዶም ምፍልላይን ልሙድ ተርእዮ ኮይኑ’ሎ።ገለ ካብ ደቅና’ውን ኣንፈቶም ስሒቶም፣ካብ ትምህርቶም ብምቁራጽ ሸቀጥቲ ሓሺሽን ኣባላት ናይ ገበነኛታት ጉጅለ(gangs) ኮይኖም ዝርኣዩ ውሑዳት ኣይኮኑን።ንሕናን ደቅናን ዘጋጥመና ዘሎ ሽግር ምኽንያት ማሕበረ-ሰብናን ሃይማኖታዊ ትካላትናን በቲ መርዛም ፖሊትካ ዝተለኽፉን ዝተመረዙን ብምዃኖም ከም ውጽኢት ናቱ ከኣ ኣብ ሓደ ክጥርንፉናን ነንሓድሕድና ከም እንተሓጋገዝን ክገብሩናን ኣይከኣሉን። ፖሊቲካ እቲ ሓቀኛ ትርጉም ናይ’ቲ ቃል ቅኑዕን ሰላማዊን ኢዩ።ብዘተኣማምንን ብጥንቃቐን እንተድኣ ተሰሪሑሎ እውን ገስጋሲ ክኸውን ዝኽእል’ዩ።ኣብ ኩነታትና ግን እቲ ሽግር ዝኸውን ዘሎ ንፖሊቲካ ብሕጋዊ መንገዲን ትኽክለኛ መዋቕሩን ተረዲእና ኣይንሙከሮን ኢና።ብስም ፖሊቲካ ዘይተደለይቲ ሕማቕ ስጉምትታት ይውሰዱ።ከም ሳዕቤኑ ከኣ ኣብ ብዙሕ ህልዊ ዛዕባታት ናይዞም ኣብ ወጻኢ ዘሎና ኤርትራዊያን ፖሊቲካ ዝለዓለ ቦታ ወይ መድረኽ ሒዙ ይርከብ።ኣብ ብዙሕ ኣብነታት ዝተሓላለኸን ዝተዓመጸን ብምዃኑ፣ከም ሓደ ምሕረት ዘይብሉ ቀታሊ ሕማም መንሽሮ ኮይኑ ኣሎ።ሕማም መንሽሮ ሓደ ግዜ ኢዩ ዝቐትል፣እዚ ኣባና ወሪዱ ዘሎ ረሳሕ ፖሊቲካ ግን መዓልታዊ ኢዩ ዝቐትል፣ስለዚ ነዚ ኣብ ሕብረተ-ሰብና ዝደሚ ዘሎ ጠጠዎ ከነብሎ ኣሎና፣ምኽንያቱ እዚ ዝቕጽል ዘሎ ሕማቕ ሳዕቤናት ናይ ፖሊቲካና ኣብ ወጻኢ ንዘሎና ኤርትራዊያን ኣብ ስድራ-ቤታት ይኹን ኣብ ውልቀሰባት ደረጃ ቀታሊ ተመክሮ ኮይኑ ኣሎ። እምበኣር እዛ እትስዕብ ታሪኽ ናይ ደማስን ደባስን ብልክዕ ከም ኣብነት ናይ ሕማቕ ተግባርና ማለት ነዞም ኣብ ወጻኢ እንነብር ሕብረተሰብና ዘሎ ኩነታት ፖሊትካ ስለ እትገልጽ ብምስትውዓል ንከታተል።
ደማስን ደባስን ንነዊሕ ግዜ ጥቡቕ ዕርክነት ነበሮም።ኣብ ኤርትራ ኣብ ካልኣይ ደረጃ ሓቢሮም ምስ ተማህሩ፣ናብ ኣሜሪካ’ውን ብሓደ መጺኦም ብሓደ ዑቕባ ረኺቦም።ኣብ ሓደ ከተማ ከም ጎረባብቲ ይነብሩ ነይሮም።ክልቲኦም ዓበይቲ ስድራ-ቤት ማለት ደማስ ምስ በዓልቲ ቤቱ ሽዱሽተ ቆልዑ፣ደባስ ድማ ምስ በዓልቲ ቤቱ ሓሙሽተ ቆልዑ ነይሮሞም።ደማስን ደባስን መራሕቲ ታክሲ ክኾኑ ከለዉ ፣ኣንስቶም ሓቢረን ኣብ ናይ ጽጉማት መናበዪ ቤት ይሰርሓ። ደቆም ኣዚዮም ዝፋቐሩ ኣዕሩኽ ብምዃን ባምቡላታትን ናይ መጻወቲ ቪድዮታት እናተማቐሉን እንዳ ተላዋወጡን ናብ ሓደ ቤት ትምህርቲ እናተማላለሱ ኣብ ሓደ ዓይነት ስፖርት ወይ ምውስዋስ ኣካላት እናሰርሑ ናይ ሓባር ኣዕሩኽቲ እናሃለውዎም ሓቢሮም ኢዮም ዓብዮም።እዞም ክልተ ስድራ-ቤታት ዋላ’ኳ ኣብ ዝተፋላለያ ክልተ ገዛውቲ ይንበሩ’ምበር ዳርጋ ከም ሓደ ዓቢ ስድራ-ቤት ኢዮም ነይሮም።ዝኾነ ይኹን ማሕበራዊ ምንቅስቓሳት ከም ናብ ዙረት(ሽርሽር) ምኻድ ወይ ናብ ኤርትራ ምብጻሕ ከም ሓደ ስድራ-ቤት መጠን ሓቢሮም ኢዮም ዝጓዓዙ ነይሮም።ደማስን ደባስን ኣብ ናይ ቡን ዕረፍቶም ኣብ ስታር-ባክስ እናተራኸቡ መዓልታዊ ብዛዕባ ደቆም፣ስድራ-ቤቶም፣ቤተ ክርስትያን ብፍላይ ድማ ብዛዕባ ፖሊቲካ የዕልሉ ነይሮም።ብዛዕባ ፖሊቲካ ዝርርብ ኣብ ዝጀመሩሉ ግዜ ዝልዓል ርሱን ክትዕ ኣብ መንጎኦም ክሃድእ ዘይክእል ቅርሕንቲ ስለ ዝተፈጥረ እቲ ዘይጥዑይን ዘሕርቕን ዝምድና ቀስ-ብቐስ ኣብዞም ክልተ ሕሙማት ኣራእስ ስድራ-ቤታት ጽልእን ቅርሕንትን ከም ዝምዕብል ኮነ። ድሕሪ ቁሩብ ግዜ ብሰንክ’ቲ ዘጋጠመ ናይ ፖሊቲካ ዘይምስምማዕ እቲ ብቀጻሊ ዝራኸቡዎ ዝነበሩ ናይ ግዜ ቡን ዕረፍቶም ኣቋረጸ።ደማስ ናይቶም ደገፍቲ መንግስቲ ኢዮም ዝበሃሉ ጉጅለ ኣባል ምዃኑ ከፍልጥ ከሎ ደባስ ድማ ናይቶም ተቓወምቲ ዝበሃሉ ጉጅለ ኣባል ኮነ። ከም ሕማቕ ዕድል እቲ ንነዊሕ ዝጸንሐ ዕርክነቶም ብዘሕዝን ኩነታት ኣብ ሓደጋ ስለ ዝወደቐ ነንሓድሕዶም ከም ተጻላእቲ ክረኣኣዩ ጀመሩ።እቲ ዘሕዝን ነንሓድሕዶም ተጻዋዊሮም ክካባበሩ ዘይምኽኣሎም’ዩ።ከም ኣጋጣሚ ኣብ ናይ ክልቲኦም ኣዕሩኽ ገዛ እንተ ተራኸቡ’ውን ሰላም ክበሃሃሉ ፍቓደኛታት ኣይኮኑን።ናይ ክልቲኦም ኣንስቲን ደቆምን ኣብ ዝኾነ ቦታን ግዜን ዋላ’ውን ምስቶም ናይ ቀደም ኣዕሩኽቶም ማሕበራዊ ርክብ ከይገብሩን ከይተሓባበሩን ብክልቲኦም ሰብኡት ደማስን ደባስን ጽኑዕ ናይ ምኽልካል መጠንቀቕታ፣ተገይሩሎም ኢዩ።ኣብ መንጎ’ዞም ንጹሃት ስድራ-ቤታት ከምዚ ዝበለ ዝይምቹእን እከይን ኩነታት ክፍጠር ዘሕፍር’ዩ።ብተወሳኺ ብምኽንያት ፖሊቲካ ኣብ ህይወት ደቅና ዝንዛሕ ሕማቕ ሳዕቤናት ክንዕዘብ ልሙድ ተርእዮ ኮይኑ ኣሎ።ደሃብ ጓል ኣቶ ደማስን ደጀን ወዲ ኣቶ ደባስን ኣብ ካልኣይ ደረጃ እናተማህሩ ተሓጻጽዮም ኔሮም።እቲ ሕጸ ካብ መሰረቱ ብናይ ክልቲኦም ወለዲ ምትብባዕ ዝተደገፈ ኢዩ ነይሩ።ፖሊቲካዊ ምፍልላይ ናይ ደማስን ደባስን ዝጀመረሉ ደሃብን ደጀንን ናይ ኮሌጅ ቀዳማይ ዲግሪ ትምህርቶም ኣብ ዝፈጸሙሉ ግዜ ኢዩ።እቲ ዘገርም እዞም ርእሲ-ሓሰማ ዝኾኑ ክልተ ወለዲ ብሰንኪ ናይ ገዛእ ርእሶም ፖሊቲካዊ ፍልልይ ናይዞም መንእሰያት ደቆም ሕጸ ክብትንዎ’ኳ እንተደለዩ ደሃብን ደጀንን ብዘይ ፍቓድ ወለዶም ኣብ ሓደ ርሕቕ ዝበለ ከተማ ከይዶም ብቤት ፍርዲ ቃል ኪዳኖም ኣሰሩ።ንወለዶም ዝበልዎም ከኣ “ፖሊቲካኹም ናይ ርእስኹም ጉዳይ’ዩ፣መርዓና ከኣ ንዓና ጥራሕ ዝምልከት ጉዳይና’ዩ” ከም ወለድና መጠን ንፈትወኩምን ነኽብረኩምን፣ነቲ ኣብ መንጎኹም ዘሎ ናይ ፖሊቲካ ፍልልይ ኣተሓሕዛ ግን ንክልተ ንጹሃት ስድራ-ቤታት ዝበታትን ስለ ዝኾነ ኣይነኽብርን ኢና፣ይኹን እምበር ተስፋ ንገብር ሓደ ግዜ ናብ ርህራሄ ዘለዎ ስምዒት ተመሊስኩም ክትራዳድኡ።
ደሃብን ደጀንን ኣብዚ ግዜ’ዚ ኣዳምን ኣድያምን ዝተባህሉ ክልተ ምጩዋት ቆልዑ ኣለውዎም። እዞም መጻምዲ ካብ ስድራኦም ብዙሕ ርሑቕ ዘይኮነ ኣብ ሓደ ዓቢ ከተማ ሓቢሮም ይነብሩን ይሰርሑን ኣለዉ። ሓደ ሓደ ግዜ ናይ ክልቲኦም እናሕጎታት ንደቂ-ደቀን ንምብጻሕ ናይ በዓላትን(ፌስታታትን) ዕለተ-ልደቶምን ዝኸውን ህያባት ሒዘናሎም ይመጻ። ኣዳምን ኣድያምን ግን ዘሰቅቕ ተመክሮ ካብ ወለዶም ስለ ዝተማህሩ ምስ ዓበዩ ናይ ዝኾነት ሃገር ፖሊቲካ ክሰምዑን ከንብቡን ዝግደሱ ኣይነበሩን። ስለዚ ከም ጽቡቕ ኣጋጣሚ ደሃብን ደጀንን ኣንጻር’ቲ ዘይረብሕ ኣተሓሳስባ ናይ ወለዶም ጸኒዖም ብምምካት ኣብ ሾቶኦም ክበጽሑ ክኢሎም። ይኹን’ምበር ደቅና ጌና ነቲ መናድቕ ናይ ጭካኔን ድንቁርናን ናይ ወለዶም ክሰብርዎ ኣይከኣሉን። ሓደ ካብቲ ትርጉም ዘይብሉ ናይ ድንቁርና ስራሕ ኣብ ወለዲ እንዕዘቦ ገለ ካብ ደቅና ሓንቲ ኤርትራዊት ጓል ኣውራጃኦም እንተ ዘይኮይና ወይ ወለዶም ሓደ ፖሊቲካዊ መርገጽ እንተ ዘይኣለዎም ክማራዓዉ ኣይፍቀደሎምን። ብካልእ ኣዘራርባ ንሕና ኣብ መንጎ ስድራ-ቤታትን ኣብ መንጎ ውልቀሰባትን ኣብ ወጻኢ ንዘሎ ሕብረተ-ሰብና ብቑዕ ንዘይኮነ ምኽንያት ናይ ግርጭትን ፖሊትካዊ ፍልልያትን ብዘይ ብረት ሲቪላዊ ኵናት ንምብራዕ ዝኣወጅና ንመስል።
ፖሊቲካ ኣብ ናይ ኤርትራ ኦርቶዶክስ ተዋህዶ ኣብያተ-ክርስትያናት ንምቁጽጻር ብዝግበር ውጥን፣ ንጥፈታት ናይ ምእመናን ንምቁጽጻር ኣዕናዊ ስጉምታት ተወሲዱ’ዩ። ኩልና ከም እንፈልጦ ናይ ኤርትራ ኦርቶዶክስ ተዋህዶ ኣብያተ-ክርስትያናት ኣብ ወጻኢ ሃገራት ዘለዋ ኣብ ክልተ ሃገረ ስብከታት ተኸፊለን ኣለዋ። ሓደ ጉጅለ ናይተን ኣብያተ ክርስትያናት(ሓደ ዳዮስስ) ንዕላማ መንግስቲ ደጋፊ ክኸውን ከሎ፣እቲ ካልኣይ ጉጅለ ናይ ኣብያተ ክርስትያናት(ካለኣይ ዳዮስስ) ንምፍራስ ቀኖና (ሕጊ) ናይ ኤርትራ ኦርቶዶክስ ተዋህዶ ቤተ ክርስትያን ማለት ንናይ ብጹዕ ወቅዱስ ፓትሪያርክ እንጦንዮስ ካብ ማዓርጎም ብዘይ ሕጊ ምውራድ ንዝተወስደ ውሳኔ ዝቃወም ኣካል ኢዩ። እምበኣር ምፍንጫል ኣብያተ ክርስትያናት ኣብ ስድራ-ቤታት ኤርትራ ዘኸትሎ ሕማቕ ሳዕቤን ካብዛ ሓጻር ታሪኽ ናይ ወዳጀን ወረጃን ንከታተል። ወዳጀን ወረጃን እተባህሉ ሰብኣይን ሰበይትን ኮይኖም ምስ ሓሙሽተ ኣባጽሕ ደቆምን ኣርባዕተ ደቂ-ደቆምን ብሓባር ን40 ዓመታት ነበሩ።ወዳጀን ወረጃን ኣብ ሓደ ናይ ኤርትራ ኦርቶዶክስ ቤተክርስትያን ማለት ቅድሚ ኣብ ክልተ ምፍንጫለን ሓቢሮም ይመላለሱ ነይሮም።ወዳጀን ወረጃን ቅድሚ’ቲ ናብ ቤተ-ክርስትያን ዝኣተወ ፖሊቲካ ጽቡቕ ምርድዳእ ስለ ዝነበሮም ብኣዕሩኽቶምን ቤተ-ሰቦምን ኣዚዮም ዝተኸበሩን ዝተፈዉን ነበሩ። ቅድሚ ውሑድ ዓመታት ግን ወዳጀ ምስቶም ኣንጻር ምግሃስ ቀኖና ቤተ ክርስትያን ጠጠው ዝበሉ ኣብያተ ክርስትያናት ከምልኽ (ክመላለስ) ወሰነ። ወረጃ ድማ ኣብተን ደገፍቲ ውሳኔ መንግስቲ ናይ ምግሃስ ቀኖና ዝኾና ኣብያተ ክርስትያናት ንኽትመላለስ ወይ ከተምልኽ ወሰነት። ምፍንጫል ቤተ ክርስትያን ዘምጽኦ ሰበብ ወዳጀን ወረጃን ብዕርቂ ክፍታሕ ኣብ ዘይክእለሉ ፍልልይን ዘይምስምማዕን ኩነታት ተፈጥረ። ኣብዚ ህሞት’ዚ ኣብ መንጎ ሰብኣይን ሰበይትን ምክብባር ስለ ዘየለ ሓደ ናይ ጽልኢ ኩነት ናብ ካልእ ናይ ጽልኢ ኩነት እናማዕበለ፣ ዘይምርድዳኦም ናብ ዝለዓለ ደረጃ ብምኻዱ፣ነዊሕ ከይሰጎመ ኩነታት ቃል ኪዳኖም ኣብ ሽግር ወደቐ። እዞም መጻምዲ’ዚኦም ተዳናጊሮም ወይ ካብ ግጉይ እምነት ንምድሓን ንቃል-ኪዳኖም ኣብ ከምዚ ዝበለ ከቢድ ሓደጋ ከውድቕዎ ብምኽኣሎም፣ኣብ መጨረሻ ቃል ኪዳኖም ብፍትሕ ክድምደም ወሰኑ። ኣብተን ክልተ ኣብያተ ክርስትያናት ዝነበሩ ምእመናንን ካህናትን ነቲ ቃል ኪዳን ናብ ንቡር ንምምላሱን ኣብ መንጎ ወዳጀን ወረጃን ሰላምን ስምምዕን ክፍጠረሉ ዝከአለሉ ጉዳይ ንምግባር ብመንጎኝነት ጻዕሮም ከካይዱ ኣይከኣሉን። ደቆም ግን ንኣቦኦምን ኣዲኦምን ኣቃራሪቦም ብሓደ ሓቢሮም ብሰላም ንሓዋሩ ክነብሩ ዝከኣሎም ፈቲኖም’ዮም ፣እንተኾነ እቶም ክልተ ወለዲ ኣዚዮም ደረቃት(ነቓጻት) ስለ ዝነበሩ ንደቆም ክሰምዕዎም ኣይከኣሉን።ቁም ነገርን ዕላማን ናብ ቤተ ክርስትያን ምኻድ ተነጺጉ ወይ ተረሲዑ ወይ ድማ ነዞም ተረርቲ ርእሲ ክልተ ወለዲ ትርጉም ዘይህቦም ብላሽ ኢዩ ነይሩ ማለት’ዩ። ብካልእ ኣዛራርባ ፖሊቲካ ንትምህርቲ ወንጌል ዓብሊሉን ስዒሩን ማለት’ዩ።ንደቆም ዘሕርቕን ትጽቢት ዘይተገብረሉን ውሳኔ እምበኣር ወዳጀን ወረጃን ኣብ ሽምግልናኦም ተፋላልዮም ነበሩ። ስለዚ ታሪኽ ናይ ወዳጀን ወረጃን ከምኡ’ውን ታሪኽ ናይ ደማስን ደባስን ነዞም ኣብ ስደት ዘሎና ኤርትራዊያን ብርቂ (ፍሉይ ነገር) ኣይኮነን። ከምዚ ዝበለ ኣስቃቕን ጽዩፍን ኩነታት ኣብ ብዙሓት ኣብ ስደት ዘለዋ ስድራ-ቤታት ኤርትራ ከጋጥም ክንዕዘብ ዘሕዝን’ዩ።
ምክብባር ኣዚዩ ጠቓሚ ነገር’ዩ ምኽንያቱ ሓደ ሰብ ንኻልእ ሰብ ከኽብር ስለ ዝረኤ፣ ከምኡ’ውን ውልቃዊ መሰልን ክብርን ናይ’ቲ ሰብ ከም ሰብ መጠን ስለ እትዕቅበሉ። ምክብባር፣ መብዝሕትኡ ግዜ ስምምዕ ዘለዎ ቤትን ሰላም ዝሰፈኖ ማሕበራዊ ኣከባብን ንኽምዕብል ንውሕ ዝበል ግዜ ዘድልዮ ኢዩ።ስለዚ ኣብቶም ሓድሕዳዊ ምክብባር ዘለዎም ውልቀሰባት ዘሎ ርኽክብ ንጹርን ቅኑዕን ክኸውን ኣለዎ፣ ምእንቲ ሓድነትን ጸጥታን ናይ ሓባራዊ ዝምድናኦም ክድልድል።መብዝሕትኡ ግዜ ኣኽብሮት ዝወሃብ ነቶም ዝግብኦም ሰባት’ኳ እንተኾነ ዋላ ነቶም ዘይግቦኦም ሰባት’ውን ኣኽብሮትና ከነርእዮም ኣሎና።እዚ ከኣ ካብቲ ነጸብራቕ ናይ ጠባዮም(ኣቀራርባኦም) ዘይኮነ ካብ ነጸብራቕ ጠባይና(ኣቀራርባና) ዝብገስ ክኸውን ኣለዎ።ንሕና ካብ ዝተፋላለዩ ብሄራት ማለት ብዙሕ ዝተፋላለዩ ባህልታት፣ቋንቋታት፣ዓሌታትን ሃይማኖታዊ ድሕረ-ባይታን ዘሎና፣ዝመጻእና ኢና።ናይ ከምዚ ዓይነት ፍልልይ ከኣ ኢዩ ንኩሉ ህይወታትና ኣገዳስን በዳህን ክገብሮ ዝኽእል፣እዚ ግን ንዘሎና ማሕበራዊን ፖሊቲካውን ፍልልያትና ኣወጊድና ኣብ መንጎና ምክብባር ምስ ዝህሉ ጥራሕ ኢዩ።ማሕበራዊ ዝምድናታት ከም ውልቃዊ ዕርክነትን ንቤተ-ክርስትያን ዝምልከቱ ጉዳያትን ከምቲ ኣብ ደማስን ደባስን ከምኡውን ኣብ መንጎ ወዳጀን ወረጃን ዘጋጠመ ፖሊቲካዊ ኩነታት ብውልቀሰባት ደረጃ ገደ ክህልዎ የብሉን። ነንሓድሕድና እንተድኣ ተኻባቢርና ከም ኣዕሩኽን ቤተ-ሰብን ተሓቛቝፍና፣ ቀጻሊ ዝኾነ ማሕበረሰብ፣ሰላም ዝሰፈኖም ሃይማኖታዊ ትካላትን ነቕ ዘይብሉ ስድራ-ቤታትን ከነቋቑም ምኸኣልና ኔርና።ብልክዕ ክንዝክሮ ዝግበኣና ንሓባራዊ ምርድዳእና፣ንሓባራዊ መፍትሒ ሽግርና ንሓባራዊ ብድሆታትና እቲ ቀንዲ መሰረቱ ሓድሕዳዊ ምክብባርና ምዃኑ ክንርዳእ ይግባእ።ሓደ ካብቲ መሰረታዊ ትምህርቲ ኣብ ግዜ ንእስነትና ካብ ወለድና ዝቐሰምናዮ፣ማለት ካብቶም ቅድሜና ኣብ እምነቶም ጸኒዖም ብፍርሓት ኣምላኽ እናተመርሑ ርጉእ ናይ ሰላም ጉዕዞ ዘሕለፉ ሽማግለታትና ዝተመሃርናዮ ክብርን ሓድነትን ናይ ሰባት እናሓለና ንቕድሚት ሓቢርና ክንስጉም ኢዩ። ልቦናኦም ዘዛኻኽረና ቅድሚ ሰብ ምዃን፣ፍጡር ሰብ ምዃን ባርኾት ምዃኑ ኢዩ።ብተዛማዲ ሓደ መዓልቲ ንሕና’ውን ካብቲ ንሕና እንግምቶ ኣብ ዝሓጸረ እዋን ክንሽምግል ምዃና ፈሊጥና፣ነቲ ካብ ወለድና ዝተመሃርናዮ ኩሉ ንተካእቲ መንእሰያት ደቅና ክንምህሮም ኣሎና።ደቅና ብዛዕባ ናይ ስነ-ምግባር መሰረታዊ-ሕጊ ወይ እምነት፣ብዛዕባ ናይ ስነ-ሞራል ክብሪ፣ንነብስኻን ንኻልኦትን ብከመይ ኣኽብሮትካ ተርኢ ክፈልጡ ኣባና ስለ ዝምርኮሱ ወይ ትጽቢቶም ካባና ስለ ዝኾነ ክንምህሮም ኣሎና።ንሕና ኩልና ዝተፋላለና’ኳ እንተኾና ኣብ መወዳእታ ግን ኩልና ኣሕዋትን ኣሓትን ኤርትራዊያን ስለ ዝኾና ክንሳማማዕን ክንካባበርን ይግባኣና።ንሓድሓድና እንተ ዘይተኻባቢርና ዋላ ሓደ ዘኽብርና ስለ ዘይብልና፣ስለዚ ምእንቲ ክብሪ ክንረክብ ከነኽብር ኣሎና፣ስለ’ቲ ጽቡቕ ተግባርና ከኣ ካብ ልዑል ኣምላኽ ጸጋ ንቕበል።
ደራሲ ብእንግሊዝኛ፣ ዶር/ ተስፋ ገብረመድህን
ናብ ትግርኛ ተርጓሚ፣ መም/ተኽለ ስብሃቱ ተስፉ
ዝኸበርኩም ተኸታተልቲ እዚ መርበብ፣ ሎሚ መዓልቲ ጉዳይ ስለ ዝነበረኒ ካብ ስራሕ ቀልጢፈ ወጻእኩ። ዝነበረኒ ዕማም ምስ ወዳእኩ፣ ኣብ መርበብ ቶጎሩባ ናይ ሰለስተ ገዳይም ተገደልቲ ስእሊ በቲ የመናይ ኩርናዕ ርኣኹ። እንታይ ተረኽበ ብምባል ነቲ ስእሊ ምስ ጠወቕኩዎ ኣብ ‘ስመር ቲቪ ዝብል መስኮት “ ይወስደኒ። ፎሮ ዝብልን መንነቱ ዘይፍለጥን ብጻሊም ዝተቅብኤ ስብ ዘረባ ይጅምር ። እቲ ኩሉ ጸርፉ ኣብ ኤርትራዊ ባህሊ ንቡር ዘይምዃኑ ገረመኒ ። እቶም ሰማዕቱ ነዚ ብዘይእሩም ቃላት ዝህቦ ኣስተምህሮ ፣ ዓገብ ዝብሉ ኣይኮኑን ። ከመስግንዎን ክውድስዎን ከኣ ትሰምዕ። ብዝያዳ እኳ ደኣ ኣብቲ ሰመር ሩም ኣይትዮም ንዘረባ ፎሮ እንተ ሰምዑ ደስታ ዝስምዖም እዮም ዝመስሉ: ዕድል ረኺቦም ሕቶ እንተ ሓቲቶም ከኣ ብታሕጓስ ምሉእ ለይቲ ከይደቀሱ ዝሓድሩ እዮም። ንሱ ሕቶታቶም ከምልስ እንከሎ ደስ ከም ዝበሎ: ከምቲ ኣብ ህግደፍ ዝተመሃሮ ናይ ምድንጋር ቃላት እናተጠቕመ ይምልሰሎም። ኣሜን ኢሎም ከኣ ይቕበልዎ።
ፎሮ ዝብሃል ሰብ፣ ንነዊሕ ግዜ ሰባት ክዛረብሉ ወረ ገሊኦምሲ ሓቂ መሲልዎም ዝሓዘኑን ዝጎሃዩን ኣለዉ። እንተኾነ ፎሮ ኣብ ክፍሊ ስለያ ተዋፊሩ ክሰርሕ እንከሎ ከም ፈላሲ ዳዊት ክደገም ድዩ ግዜኡ የሕልፎ ነይሩ? ወይስ ተጋደልቲ ይቐትልን ይኣስርን ነይሩ? ከምቲ ንሱ ዝብሎ ብ1978 ተሰሊፉ ነቲ ኣብ ውሽጢ ህግ ኣብ 1972, 1973 ዝነበረ ኩነታት ብዓይኑ ዝረኣየ ስለ ዘይኮነ፣ እቲ ዝትርኾ ዘሎ ብኻልኦት ናይ ሽዑ ተጋደልቲ ካሳብ ዘይተረጋገጸ፣ ሰማዕቱ ሓስዩ ከየሕስወኩም ነቲ ዝብሎ ዘሎ ክትመራመርሉ ዝሓሸ እዩ። ሓደ ኣብ ስላያ/ ሓለዋ ሰውራ፡ ዝተዋፈረ ተጋዳላይ ካልኦት ተጋደልቲ ይቐትሉ ነይሮም፣ ኣነ ግና ኢደይ ሕጹብ ከም ጲላጦስ እየ። ሓንቲ ኣይገበርኩን ክብል እንከሎ፣ ኣብ ሓራን ዲሞክራሲያዊትን ኤርትራ የራኽበና ጥራሕ ምባሉ ይሓይሽ። ኣብዚ ግዜ እዚ ካብ ባዕላዊ ከሰስትን ፍረድትን ምዃን ተቖጢብና ፣ በበታ ዘላትና ዓቕሚ ብውልቀ ወይ ከኣ ተወዲብና ኣንጻር እዚ ኢሰብኣዊ ጉጂለ ህግደፍ ምቅላስ እዩ ዝግብኣና ።
ከም ናተይ ኣፍልጦ ሰልፊ ደሞክራሲ ኤርትራ፡ ካብ ዝተመስረተትሉ ዕለት ጀሚረ ፣ ድሕሪ ሓድነት ናይ ክልቲኡ ሰልፍታት ከኣ ኣብ ሰዲህኤ ብምህላወይ ኣብ ዝተፈላለዩ እዋናት ሓቅነት ዘይብሎም መደናገርትን ኣጸለምትን ጽሑፋት ኣንጻር ራኢን ተልእኾን ሰልፊ ዲምክራሲ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ክዝመርን ክድረፍን ሰሚዐ ኣሎኹ። እንተኾነ ኣይከም ናይ’ዚ ፎሮ ዝብሃል። ብዝኾነ ነቲ ኩሉ ጸለመ መልሲ ንምሃብ ግዜ እውን ኣይረኽበሉን። እንተኾነ ካብቲ ሓቂ ዘይብሉ ዋህዮኡ ገለ ክነፍርሰሉ።
ሀ/ ሰዲኤ (EDP) ዝመስረቱ ተጋደልቲ ከምቲ ንሱ ዝገለጾ ዘይኮነስ፡ እዞም ዝስዕቡ እዮም ፣ ዶ/ር ኣሰፋው ተኸስተ ፣ ዶ/ር ተስፋይ ግርማጼን፡ ኣንበሳደር ሕብረት በርሄ፣ ኣምባሳደር ኣድሓኖም ገብረማርማርያም፣ ኣቶ መስፍን ሓጎስን ዶ/ር በረኸት ሃብተስላሰን እዮም። እዚ ነቶም ሓቂ እትደልዩ መንእሰያት ኣገዳሲ ሓበሬታ እዩ። ኣብ ሰዲኤ ዓብዳላ ኣደም መስራቲ ዘይኮነስ፣ ኣባል ኮይኑ እውን ኣይፈልጥን። ዓብዳላ ኣደም ለንደን ምስ መጸ ብገለ ኣባላት ሰዲኤ ተሓቲቱስ ኣባል ክኽውን ከምዘይደለየ ኢና ንፈልጥ። ስለዚ ዓብደላ ኣደም ምስ ሰዲኤ ዝኾነ ዘራኽብ ነገር ኣይነበሮን የብሉን ከኣ። ስለዚ ፎሮ ነቶም ሰዓብቱ ዓብደላ ኣደም፡ መስፍንን ኣድሓኖምን መስሪቶማ ናይ ኢሳያስ ኣፈውርቂ ውድብ እያ ክብል ዘቕርቦ መደረ ሓቂ ኣይኮነን። እዞም እተጠቕሱ ዜጋታት ሰለይቲ ህግድፍ ምባሉ ከኣ ጽባሕ ምድሪ ምስ ወግሔ ተሓታቲ ኽከውን እዩ።
ለ/ ፎር ንኣንበሳደር ኣድሓኖም ገብረማርያም ካብ ተልእኮ ኢሳያስ ኣፈውርቂ ነጻ ምዃኑ ድሕሪ ምሕባር፣ ንዓብዳላ ኣደምን መስፍን ሓጎስን ግና ካብ ጸጋታት ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ዶላራት ኣብ ናይ ባንክ ሕሳባቶም ካብ ኤርትራ ይለኣኸሎም ኣሎ ክብል ንሰማዕቱ ካብታ ናይ ሓሶት ዋህዮ ሕፍስ ኣቢሉ ከይተሰከፈ ክንስንሰሎም ይስማዕ። ነዚ ዘረጋግጽ ዋላ ሓንቲ ጭብጢ ወይ መርትዖ የብሉን። እቶም ሰማዕቱ እውን፣ ሓቅነት ናይቲ ዝብሎ ዘሎ ከረጋግጹ፣ ክንደይ ንወርሒ ወይ ከኣ ኣበየናይ ሃገርን ባንክን እቲ ገንዘብ ክምዝቕበልዎ ንክሓቱ ዘኽእሎም ድፍረት ወይ ትብዓት የብሎምን። ብዝተባህሎም ሓሶት ጥራሕ ሰኒቖም ይኸዱ። ኩነታት ኣንበሳደር ኣድሓኖም ገብረማርያምን መስፍን ሓጎስን ዝፈላሊ ናይ መነባብሮ ፍሉይነት ኣይረኣኹን ። ከም ዝኾነ ኣብ ስደት ዝነብር ኤርትራዊ በቶም ኣብ ዓዲ ዘነበሩ ዘለው ስድራኦምን ቤተ ሰቦምን ከም ዝሻቐሉ እየ ዝፈልጥ። ኣባላት ሰዲህኤ ወልቃዊ ናብራኦም ካብ ሓደ ተራ ኤርትራዊ ሰደተኛ ዝፈለ እንተ ኮይኑ ከኣ ብመርተዖ ክረጋገጽ ይግበኦ። መስፍን ሓጎስ ኣበየናይ ናይ ሓሙሽተ ኮኾብ ሆቴል ክድቅስን ክበልዕን ተራእዩ? ፍሉይ ክዳን ዝኽደን፡ ፍሉይ ሳእኒ ዝረግጾን፣ መኻይን ዝዝውርወን እንተ ዝኸውን መርኣያ ናይ ሕቡእ ገንዘብ ኮይኑ መተወስደ። እዚ ጸለመ’ዚ ብስነ መጎት ክተሰንዮ ዘይከኣልን ሰባት ናይ ዕለታዊ ናብራኦም መብሊዒ ክገብሩዎን ሃየንታ እዩ ።
ሓ/ ፎሮ ኤርትራዊ ሃገራዊ ባይቶ ንደሞክራሲያዊ ለውጢ ብሰንኪ ሰዲህኤ ከምዝፈረሰ ንሰምዓቱ ክምድር እንከሎ፡ ዘቕረቦ ጪብጢ የለን። እቶም ተገዲስና ኩነታት ባይቶ እንከታተል ዜጋታት ግና እቲ ሓቂ ንፈልጦ ኢና። ኪዳን ብሓባራዊ ምርድዳእ (consensus) እምበር፣ ብኣብዝሓ ድምጺ ዝውስን ትካል ኣይነበረን። እንተኾነ ኪዳን ብብዝሒ ድምጺ ካብ ኪዳን ከውጽኡና ወሲኖም እዮም። ኣብ ምምስራት ባይቶ ጠለብ ሰዲህኤ ግዜ ንወስኽ ኣይንትሃወኽ፡ ነቶም ሰነዳትና ከኣ ብግቡእ ነጻፍፎም ዝብል ነበረ። እቶም ኣሰናደውቲ ግና ዝምውሉና እካላት ሕጂ እንተ ዘይተገብረ ኣይንምውልን ስለ ዝበሉና ናይ ግድን ክንገብሮ ኢና ምስ በሉ፡ ኣብቲ መስርሕ ዕግበት ስለ ዘይነበረና ሰዲህኤ ስሒብና። ባይቶ ከኣ ከምቲ ንሕና ዝበልናዮ፡ ብዘይ ጽፉፍ ሰነዳት ስለ እተበገሰ’ዩ ከም ሳዕቤኑ ኣብ መንጎ ፈጻሚ ኣካልን ባይቶን ናይ ስልጣን ምርጋሕ ዝተረኽበ። ብተወሳኺ ኣብ መንጎ ውድብ ኩናማን ኣባላት ባይቶን ብጉዳይ ስውእ ሓምድ እድሪስ ዓዋተ ዝተፈጥረ ዘይመሰረታዊ ፍልልይ ክሳብ ሕጂ ይቕጽል ኣሎ። ነዚ ዝምልከት ሓው ዳኒኤል ተወልደ ሓደ ካብቶም ፍሩያት ተዋሳእቲ ኣብ ባይቶ ዝነበረ ኣብቲ እዋን’ቲ፣ ንሰልፊ ዲሞክራሲ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ፡ ካብ ክልኦት ብዝሰነቖ መሰረት ዘይብሉ ጸለመ ክሳብ ዝኣኽሎ ኣጸሊምዎ እዩ። እንተኾነ ክልተ ዓመት ይገብር፣ ኣብ ቦስቶን ዝገበርናዮ ህዝባዊ ኣኼባ፣ ካልኦት ብዘጋገይዎ የጸልመና ከም ዝነበረ ኣብ ቅድሚ ኣኼባ ይቕሬታ ሓቲቱ እዩ። ስለቲ ምቕልሉነቱ ከኣ የመስግኖ። እዚ ጭቡጥ መርትዖ ናይቲ ባይቶ ኣብ ልዕሊ ስዲህኤ ዝስንዝሮ ዝነበረ ዘይቅቡል ጸለመ ምዃኑ እዩ። ስለዚ ነቲ ሓቂ ክፈልጥ ዝደሊ እቲ ጸገም ባይቶ ባዕሎም ዝፈጠርዎ እምበር ሰዲህኤ ዝፈጠሮ ኣይነበረን ኣይኮነን ። ሰዲህኤ ውድባት ክንጥርንፍ ደኣ ይቃለስ እምበር፡ ውድባት ክፍርስ ዝካየዶ መስርሕ የለን።
ዝኾነ ተጋዳላይ ንህግደፍ ወይ ንኢሳያስ ኣፈወቂ ምእንቲ ኣብ ስልጣን ክንብር፣ ካብ ዝፈትዎም ደቁን ቤተሰቡን ተፈልዩ ኣብ ጽምዋ ስደት ዓመታት ከርተት ክብል እንታይ ረብሓ ስለ ዘለዎ ኮን ይኽውን? እዚ ሕልና ዘለዎ ዜጋ ዝቕበሎ ኣይኮነን። ከምዚ ዓይነት ኣተሓሳስባ ዘለዎም ዜጋታት ጭቡጥ ሓበሬታ ክሳብ ዘየቕረቡ፣ ብተዘዋዋሪ መንገዲ ተሓባበርቲ ናይ ህግደፋዊ ስርዓት ይኾኑ ኣለዉ። ሓቂ ሎሚ እንተ ዘይወጸት ጽባሕ ክትወጽእ እያ ።
ሰልፊ ዲምክራሲ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ፡ ብቕዋሙን መትከላቱን ዝተኣማመን፣ ንነዊሕ ወለዶታት ከገልግል ዝኽእል ሃገራዊ ራኢ ይውንን። እዚ ስለ ዝኾነ “ድሕሪ ህግደፍ ኣብ ኤርትራ ስልጣን ክሕዝ ይኽእል እዩ” ብምባል ስግኣት ዝሓደሮም ወገናት ካብ ምጽላሙ ዓዲ ኣውዕሉን። ሓደ ምሁር ብ2009 ሰዲህኤ ኣብ ኤርትራ ኣብ 2011 ኣብ ዝግበር ምርጫ ክሳተፍ እዩ ክብል መዲሩ ነይሩ። ኩልና ከም እንፈልጦ ሎሚ 2016 ኣብ ምፍጻም ኣሎና። እዚ ምሁር እዚ ነቲ ዝበሎ ክስሕቦን ይቕሬታ ክሓተሉን መተገብአ። እዚ ከምዚ ዝኣመሰለ ብሂላት ካብ ስግኣት ዝተበገሰ፡ ኣብ መንጎ ሰዲህኤን ካልኦት ተቓወምትን ዘይምትእምማንን ጥርጠራን ንምፍጣር ዝተማህዘ እዩ።
ኣብ መደምደምታ፣ ሓቂ ዘይምዝራብ ኣብ ሕብረተሰብኣዊ ባህልና እንተኾነ’ውን ፍቱው ኣይኮነን። ኩሎም ኣብ ምዝርጋሕን ምእካብን ሓበሬታ ዝተዋፈሩ ዜጋታት ሓቅነት ናይ ሓበሬታ ምንጭታቶም ንምርግጋጽ ሓላፍነቶም ምዃኑ ክዝንጉዑ የብሎምን። ሓፋሽ ህዝቢ ሓቀኛን እዋናውን ሓበሬታ ክረክብ መሰሉ ስለ ዝኮነ። እንትኾነ እዚ ኣብ ሓድሓደ መርበባት ሓበሬታ ዝወጽእ መግለጽታት ጸኒሑ ከኣ ሓቅነቱ ዝፈሽል ዘሎ፣ እቲ ጉድለት ክፍተሽን ክምርመርን ኣለዎ። እቶም ወረ ዘቐብሉ ዘለዉ ደገፍቲ ተቓውሞ ተመሲሎም፣ ልኡኻት ህግደፍ ከይኮኑ ምጥንቃቕ የድሊ ኣሎ። ወነንቲ መርበብ ንሓድነትን ምምስራት ዲሞክራሲያዊት ኤርትራን ኣበርክቶ ዘይብሎም ጽሑፋት እንተ ዘየስተናግዱ መተመርጸ ።
ዝኽሪ ንስውኣትና
ክብሮም ግረነት
Presenting Country Reports to Third Committee, Experts Propose Changes to Unjust, Inhumane Practices, as Delegates Question Findings
Written by United NationsNon-compliance on the part of States had hindered the ability of human rights rapporteurs to investigate violations in countries under their purview, the Third Committee (Social, Humanitarian and Cultural) heard today during its first day of interactive dialogue on area-specific situations.
Of the five Special Rapporteurs presenting reports to the Committee, only one, assigned to Myanmar, had been granted access to the territory under her mandate. In the absence of access, the other four — covering human rights in the Occupied Palestinian Territories, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Belarus and Eritrea — had gathered information remotely. The cooperation of all States was a fundamental obligation of United Nations membership, two of the experts recalled.
Sheila B. Keetharuth, Member of the Former Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in Eritrea and Special Rapporteur on the human rights situation in that country, said there were “reasonable grounds” to believe that its officials had committed crimes against humanity since 1991. The Government had failed to cooperate with the Special Rapporteur and the Commission from the beginning. She encouraged the General Assembly to adopt a resolution submitting the Commission’s report to the Security Council for possible referral of the situation to the International Criminal Court.
In Belarus, there had been no substantial improvements in the human rights situation over the past decade, despite numerous United Nations recommendations, reported Miklós Haraszti, Special Rapporteur on that situation. The “smooth-looking” conduct of recent parliamentary elections should not eclipse the underlying systemic violations, he said. In the Occupied Palestinian Territories, a deepening occupation was stifling the economy and fostering an atmosphere of despair and hopelessness, reported Michael Lynk, Special Rapporteur for the territory.
In the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, there were mixed signs of progress, the Committee heard. Special Rapporteur Tomás Ojea Quintana said political tensions and the prospect of instability continued to impede progress on the human rights agenda. However, there were positive signs, such as a five‑year economic plan to improve living standards and a new strategy to increase life expectancy at birth.
Yanghee Lee, Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in Myanmar, commended the Government for its progress in recent years, while stressing that many human rights challenges remained. In Kachin and Shan states, humanitarian access to conflict areas was the worst it had been in recent years, while in Rakhine state, discriminatory policies and practices continued to deny Muslim communities of their most fundamental rights. “This is not what peace should look like,” she said.
During the discussions, several delegates expressed opposition to the raison d’être of the Special Rapporteurs, arguing that country-specific mandates and resolutions violated the principles of universality, impartiality and non-selectivity. Such interventions used human rights as a pretext to interfere in States’ internal political affairs and were better left to existing mechanisms, such as the Universal Periodic Review of the Human Rights Council, several said.
Making that point, Venezuela’s representative, speaking on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement, said the selective adoption of country-specific resolutions exploited human rights for political purposes and that such matters were better left to existing mechanisms, such as the Universal Periodic Review of the Human Rights Council. Many called instead for engagement in a spirit of cooperation and dialogue. In that spirit, Singapore’s delegate said no draft resolution against Myanmar would be tabled in the Third Committee.
The observer of the State of Palestine spoke in a point of order.
The Third Committee will reconvene at 10 a.m. on Friday, 28 October, to continue its discussion of the promotion of human rights. It is expected to start with an interactive dialogue with the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in the Palestinian Territories Occupied since 1967.
Background
The Third Committee (Social, Humanitarian and Cultural) met today to continue its discussions on the promotion and protection of human rights. For further information, see Press Release GA/SHC/4172.
Dialogue on Human Rights in Myanmar
YANGHEE LEE, Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in Myanmar, commended the Government for progress it had made in recent years and thanked it for its cooperation throughout her mandate. Hundreds of political prisoners had been released, repressive laws had been rescinded and a major peace conference had been held. Yet, many human rights challenges remained, including the curtailment of the rights to assembly, association and expression. Despite a growing democratic space, she expressed concern about the continuing dominance of the military in politics. It still held 25 per cent of parliamentary seats and controlled several powerful ministries. Without constitutional reform — which would be challenging given that it required military approval — the transition from a military to a fully civilian Government would not be possible.
She also voiced concern that landmines continued to be laid, noting that Myanmar was the third most heavily mined country in the world. In Kachin and Shan states, humanitarian access to conflict areas was the worst it had been at any point in recent years. “This is not what peace should look like,” she said. In Rakhine state, discriminatory local orders, policies and practices continued to deny Muslim communities of their most fundamental rights. Restrictions on freedom of movement had impacted every area of life: access to education, livelihoods and health services. Birth registration had not taken place in conflict-affected areas in several years, placing children at risk of underage recruitment, trafficking and child labour. Ending the institutionalized discrimination of Muslim communities and accountability for alleged systematic human rights violations were urgent priorities.
The representative of Myanmar reiterated his opposition to country specific mandates, as they ran contrary to the principles of non-selectivity and non-politicization. Yet, Myanmar had fully cooperated with the Special Rapporteur and was the only country under the Human Rights Council’s agenda item 4 that had received the Special Rapporteur’s visits. Acknowledging that all the recommendations had been made in good faith, he expressed hope that Myanmar would receive the necessary international support to continue its efforts to promote the fundamental rights of all people and to uphold the rule of law. Describing the country’s progress, he also elaborated on persistent challenges in fostering peace and national reconciliation after decades of internal armed conflict. On the situation in Rakhine state, which had attracted international attention, he said Government actions had been taken in response to a violent armed attack on its security forces. He rejected distorted information reported in the media about the use of excessive force, explaining that security forces had been ordered to use maximum restraint unless confronted by armed resistance.
When the floor opened, several representatives, including those of Japan and Republic of Korea, asked the Special Rapporteur which of her extensive recommendations should be considered priorities. Others, such as the representatives of Eritrea, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, and Cuba, among others, expressed their opposition to country-specific mandates. The United Kingdom’s representative, who noted that “Burma’s” relationship with the United Nations was changing, asked what the Special Rapporteur saw as the optimum level of support to the country’s authorities. Several delegations, including Norway’s representative, asked for reflections on how the international community could help improve the situation in the State of Rakhine.
Ms. LEE, responding, said the new Government had inherited many negative legacies from the military dictatorship, and underlined that the international community must be cognizant of that. Regarding attacks in some states, she said she had advocated for access to many areas but humanitarian access had been blocked. Where non-State media had been allowed some access, they had been prevented from reporting on the situation under the pretext of national security. Turning to the citizenship laws, she said they had to be reviewed, but the Government had not indicated any interest in that. She had raised objections with authorities about outdated and discriminatory laws, which required reform.
Protection of civilians was her major concern, she said, adding that humanitarian access had worsened in several states and that the human rights implications of increased military conflict were of great concern. Clashes had occurred in jade-mining areas, another sign that natural resources and conflict were linked. Opening an office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights in Myanmar with a full mandate was crucial and had been promised by the previous Government, yet not delivered. The last General Assembly resolution had included some benchmarks for the Government to address the rule of law and other issues. By discontinuing the resolution, she expressed concern that the Third Committee had signalled that Myanmar had met those benchmarks. She said she did not feel they had been met.
Also participating in the interactive dialogue were representatives of the United States, China, Thailand, Australia, Switzerland, Egypt (on behalf of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation), Russian Federation, Czech Republic, Jordan, Singapore, Saudi Arabia, Viet Nam, and Iran, as well as the European Union.
Dialogue on Human Rights in Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
TOMÁS OJEA QUINTANA, Special Rapporteur on the situation of human in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, in his new capacity, said political tensions and the prospect of instability continued to impede progress on the human rights agenda amid reports of two nuclear tests and several missile launches by the Government, as well as increased military readiness among other countries and implementation of Security Council sanctions. As Council measures to deter nuclear proliferation should also protect civilians from the impacts of sanctions, he urged support for national relief efforts in the wake of Typhoon Lionrock, which had affected 140,000 in the country’s northeast. Describing a pattern of civil and political rights violations, he cited severe restrictions on freedom of movement, the conditions and treatment of prisoners and structural deficiencies in the public food distribution system.
He went on to note signs of a positive change in recent social and economic policies, including a five-year economic plan to improve living standards and a new strategy to increase life expectancy at birth. He also welcomed programmes in the health sector developed with the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), noting that all such initiatives should be carefully monitored. He encouraged the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and the international community to explore all venues for cooperation, conscious that a balance must be achieved between “situating” responsibilities for rights violations and engaging with duty bearers. Next month, he would visit Japan and the Republic of Korea, and anticipated future trips to China and the Russian Federation, with the aim of building regional and international platforms for cooperation. He regretted that the representative of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea was not in the room for the interactive dialogue.
When the floor was opened for questions, several countries expressed reservations about the practice of country-specific resolutions, which violated the principles of universality, impartiality and non-selectivity. They said such interventions used human rights as a pretext to interfere in States’ internal political affairs, arguing that such issues were better addressed through the Universal Periodic Review of the Human Rights Council. Many who supported the Special Rapporteur’s mandate wanted to know what more he could do to engage the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and gain access to the country. Several asked what could be done to ensure accountability for human rights violations.
Mr. QUINTANA expressed concern that the divergence of opinion had hindered genuine dialogue on human rights and said the General Assembly should bear the opinions of the Non-Aligned Movement in mind as part of a fruitful dialogue with delegations that supported such resolutions.
To questions about his ability to engage with the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, he acknowledged that engagement would take time, patience and dedication. There were, as several delegates had pointed out, alternative human rights mechanisms. The Universal Periodic Review had made a series of recommendations, which he urged the Government to review. Thematic rapporteurs, such as the Rapporteur on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, could also be used to engage the Government on human rights issues.
To the concern raised by many delegates about accountability, he pointed to a forthcoming report by two independent experts on guidelines for accountability related to human rights. He stressed that the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea was not in a period of political transition and thus accountability there should not be dealt with in the same way as it was in transitional justice programmes.
Participating in the interactive dialogue were representatives of Venezuela (also speaking on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement), Syria, Japan, Australia, Lichtenstein, Netherlands, United States, Russian Federation, United Kingdom, Belarus, Switzerland, Czech Republic, China, Republic of Korea, Germany, Cuba, Norway, Maldives, Iran, Ireland, Lao People’s Democratic Republic and Argentina, as well as the European Union.
Human Rights in Belarus
MIKLÓS HARASZTI, Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Belarus, discussing his findings, said that while had been only very few positive developments, one of them was the signing of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Much of his report focused on human rights in electoral processes in Belarus, especially parliamentary elections on 11 September 2016, which he said had been held without the violence by law enforcement that had marred previous elections. However, there had been no steps to either change the oppressive legal framework or modify restrictive practices, and the “smooth-looking” conduct of those polls should not eclipse the underlying systemic violations, he said.
The “guided” nature of electing a “token” opposition party member and an independent cultural activist to Parliament had made those choices a selection by the Government, he said. There had been no equal access to the media for the contestants. Neither the voter turnout nor the votes were verifiable, and the Chair of the Central Election Commission had been in place for 20 years. Describing a legal and administrative system of human rights restriction, he said the freedoms of expression and media continued to be violated. Belarus was the only country in Europe that lacked a privately-owned national media. Suppression of the freedoms of association and assembly persisted. Despite recommendations by various United Nations bodies, there had been no substantial changes in the human rights situation in the last decade, he said, urging Belarus to stop its use of the death penalty and engage with the Special Rapporteur.
The representative of Belarus said country-specific discussions could only “rip up controversy” and overburden the international community’s agenda. There was no need or context for such attention and Belarus had constantly conducted a dialogue with the human rights machinery. A national plan on human rights had been put in place based on recommendations from the Universal Periodic Review and treaty bodies, but that information had been distorted in the report. The views of observers had also not been taken into account. “We do not need to be taught how to live,” she said, stressing that after the Second World War and the Chernobyl nuclear accident, Belarus had created a strong State. It would remain a contributor to peace and agreement.
When the floor opened for interaction, a number of representatives, including those of Ecuador and Bangladesh, protested the existence of any country-specific mandates, while delegates of Eritrea, Venezuela and Lao People’s Democratic Republic suggested that the Universal Periodic Review was the correct venue for such discussions. Representatives of Norway, United Kingdom and Germany meanwhile, urged Belarus to place a moratorium on the death penalty as the first step toward abolition. Several others asked about space for civil society in Belarus, with Poland’s representative requesting an update in the context of elections.
Mr. HARASZTI, responding, described steps that could have “miraculous” effects on the human rights situation, such as the repeal of article 193.1 of the penal code, which was the chapter that criminalized all activity not permitted by the State. Under it, the most important human rights organizations had been made de jure criminal in everything they did because they were not registered. To questions on improving elections, he noted that although Belarus had invited observers of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), parliamentary elections had not been complied with and only unimportant procedural recommendations had been heeded. Cooperation with OSCE should go beyond inviting observers into complying with their recommendations.
He expressed agreement with the representatives of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan that dialogue should be the basis for improving human rights, and urged those delegations to believe him and the Human Rights Council that his mandate was about cooperation, not about the other accusations lobbied at him. It would be a very important step forward if Belarus would send him their action plan, he said, adding that he would take it as a good gesture toward cooperation.
Participating in the interactive dialogue were representatives of the United States, Czech Republic, Cuba, Russian Federation, Lithuania, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Switzerland, Iran, Ireland, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, Uzbekistan, China, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Syria, and Bolivia (also speaking on behalf of Nicaragua), as well as the European Union.
Dialogue on Human Rights in Eritrea
SHEILA B. KEETHARUTH, Member of the Former Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in Eritrea and Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in Eritrea, presented that body’s final report (A/HRC/32/47), which had found reasonable grounds to believe that Eritrean officials had committed crimes against humanity since 1991, including enslavement, imprisonment, enforced disappearances, torture, other inhumane acts, persecution, rape and murder. Eritrea’s military/national service programmes included arbitrary and indefinite detention, often for years. The Commission documented extensive use of arbitrary arrest and detention, and numerous cases of enforced disappearances and rampant torture. There had been no material changes in the situation. The country still had no Constitution or Parliament, and indefinite national service persisted. While Eritrea had refused to allow the Commission to visit and have unhindered access to sites and locations, the Commission had been able to corroborate information provided by witnesses.
Turning to her mandate as Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Eritrea, she stated that the Government had failed to cooperate with the Special Rapporteur and the Commission from the beginning. The Commission had requested that the African Union establish an accountability mechanism to investigate, prosecute, and try individuals believed to have committed crimes against humanity. Additionally, it had recommended that Member States provide Eritrean nationals seeking protection with refugee status. “It is not safe to forcibly return those who have left Eritrea,” she said. She would continue to implement her mandate over the coming months, and expressed hope the General Assembly would adopt a resolution submitting the Commission’s report to the Security Council for a possible referral of the human rights situation in Eritrea to the International Criminal Court.
The representative of Eritrea said he saw little value of entering into dialogue with a biased Special Rapporteur. He preferred an approach marked by dialogue and understanding and which took note of Government achievements. The country mandate was unwarranted for Eritrea and an insult to Africa. The most appropriate venue for such discussions was the Human Rights Council and he rejected a politicized approach. The Government’s priority was to protect its people, live in harmony and build its political system. Political participation, including of women, was high. Eritrea was committed to development. It was an independent and modest regional actor and favoured engagement. Further, national ownership was an undeniable pillar for nation-building. Women’s and children’s rights were protected and remote areas were being developed. He acknowledged that achievements were modest and that Eritrea had a long way to go, but the Government shouldered its international obligations and cooperated with international human rights mechanisms. Yet, it was being treated unfairly, singled out for human rights violations, while those in other countries went unnoticed.
During the ensuing dialogue, delegates raised questions and concerns about ongoing human rights violations, impunity and engagement with the international human rights mechanisms. Several asked about follow-up to issues and recommendations, while others reiterated their opposition to the selective and politicized nature of country mandates, stressing that the Human Rights Council, particularly the Universal Periodic Review, were the most appropriate venues for the promotion and protection of human rights.
The representative of Ethiopia said the mayhem in his country was the result of the deployment of Eritrean terrorists. Eritrea had destabilized the Horn of Africa and committed crimes against humanity. Eritrea was on the Committee’s agenda, he said, not Ethiopia.
Ms. KEETHARUTH reiterated her commitment to “look at all comments” in the implementation of her mandate. She welcomed Eritrea’s engagement with the international community, which should lead to tangible improvements for its citizens, such as improved treatment of detainees. Building trust was required, internally and externally. Regarding forced labour, she said citizens must have a choice as to whether and how they wished to work. Development, while important, did not give license to violate human rights. Any engagement with the United Nations must work towards ending impunity, with human rights violators punished. Engagement with United Nations bodies should not be selective. Access to Eritrea had only been given to the Office of the High Commissioner of Human Rights to a model prison and only for 15 minutes. More time was needed for a proper assessment.
Participating in the discussion were representatives of Venezuela (also on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement), Myanmar, Djibouti, United States, Zimbabwe, Germany, United Arab Emirates, Ecuador, Ethiopia, China, Norway, Cuba, Belarus, Bolivia, the United Kingdom, Bangladesh, Switzerland, the Russian Federation, Pakistan, Burundi, Iran and Egypt, as well as the European Union.
Dialogue on Human Rights in Palestinian Territories
MICHAEL LYNK, Special Rapporteur on the Situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967, presented his first report to the Committee, which was based on interviews with human rights non-Governmental organizations, Palestinian officials and United Nations officers in Jordan, as he had been unable to travel to the Occupied Palestinian Territories due to Israel’s noncompliance with his mandate and refusal to grant him access to the territories. He also had been unable to meet with activists in the Gaza Strip due to Israel’s restrictions on their movement.
He highlighted three areas of particular concern: violence and lack of accountability, collective punishment and forcible transfers and the right to development. On the first issue, he observed that, too often, Israel used lethal force as a first choice, rather than the last resort. In only the rarest instances did cases brought before Israeli military law enforcement result in indictment. Israel was increasingly using administrative detention and imprisoning Palestinian children. It continued to collectively punish Palestinians, through home demolitions, geographic closures, infringements on freedom of movement and the decade-long blockage of Gaza. Forcible transfers, in the form of repeated demolitions of Arab Bedouin communities, the refusal of housing permits to Palestinians and destruction of humanitarian aid facilities, also violated international law. Finally, the Israeli occupation was a violation of Palestinians’ right to development. “No other society in the world faces such an array of cumulative challenges,” he said, adding, “the result has been a stifled and disfigured Palestinian economy that Israel, the Occupying Power, decisively controls and exploits for its own benefit.”
3,800 'Migrants' Die in the Mediterranean Sea So Far in 2016: How Many of them Eritreans?
Written by EPDP information Office
The UNHCR reported on 26 October that at least 3,800 migrants/refugees died in the Mediterranean Sea so far this year. It said this is the largest figure of deaths counted in one year in the recent sad history of this sea. The figure for the year 2015 was given to have been 3,771 deaths. How many of the Eritreans? No one knows. Migrants reported missing in the past two years were reported to be 3,930. How many of them Eritreans? No count is taken for a fast emptying nation with a government that cares less about the suffering and loss of its own people.
The French newspaper Tribute de Genève reported on Thursday, 27 October, quoting agencies that the rate of death was one out of every 47 persons who tried to cross the Mediterranean from Libya to Europe during the current year. The rate was 1 death out of 88 for the e 330,000 persons who crossed the Mediterranean as a whole This route was described to have been "the deadliest" ever in record.
Some estimates give the figure of up to 30,000 deaths in the sea in recent years while trying to reach the shores of Europe for safety. But even Europe cared less at least until Lampedusa of 3 October 2013 when 368 refugees, almost all save six were Eritreans fleeing from Africa's most repressive regime.
And who will tell even an estimated figure of Eritrean deaths in the Mediterranean Sea at least during the past ten years? No one. The regime in Eritrea, which has been there for 25 years since the country became independent, did not even care to take census of its own population let alone to try to know how many died in the deserts and the high seas.
The last time Eritreans were counted in an official census was in 1931 when they were about 600,000. Today, after 85 long years, the count remains unknown: some estimates put the population at about 3m while UN estimates reach the figure of 6.5m. This is one indicator of the absence of a properly functioning government in that cares to take count of own people.
ኤርትራ ብበበይኑ ናይ ብዙሕነት ሕብሪ ዝወቀበት ናይ ሓባርና ሃገር እያ። ብዙሕነታ፡ ብሃይማኖታዊ እምነት፡ ብብሄራት፡ ብቋንቋ፡ ብጀኦግራፊያዊ ኣቀማምጣን ባህልን ይግለጽ። እዚ ብዙሕነት’ዚ ዝፈጥሮ ኣብ ብዙሕ ተረኽቦታት ዝንጸባረቕ ናይ ሓሳብ ብዙሕነት እውን ኣብ ኤርትራ፡ ነይሩ፡ ኣሎን ክቕጽልን እዩ። ኩሉ እዚ ብዙሕነት ኣብ ክውንነታ ነናቱ እጃም ዘለዎ፡ ኣሳንዩ ክነብር ዝግበኦ እምበር ዝውገድ ኣይኮነን። ገለ ካብዚ ብዙሕነት ከተወግድ ወይ ከተስተናዕቕ ምፍታን ከኣ ንምሉእነት ኤርትራ ኣብ ሓደጋ ዘውድቕ ስለ ዝኾነ፡ ቅቡል ኣይኮነን።
ሰልፊ ደሞክራሲ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ነዚ ብዙሕነት ተቐቢሉን ኣኽቢሩን “ ናይ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ፡ ሃይማኖታዊ፡ ብሄራዊ፡ ቀቢላዊ፡ ባህላውን ቋንቋውንብዙሕነት ይኣምንን ከም ሃገራዊ ቅሙጥ ጸጋን ሓይልን ይቖጽሮን።” ዝብል መሰረታዊ ሓሳብ ሓደ ካብ ኣገደስቲ ሰነዳቱ እዩ። ነዚ ብዙሕነታዊ ሓሳብን እምንቶን ናይ ምዕቃቡ ግቡእ ከም ዘለዎ ንምዕዛዝ ከኣ “ኤርትራ፡ ሰላምን ሓድነትን ዝሰፈና ሃገር ንኽትከውን፡ ነዚ ናይ ብዙሕነት ባህልን ሓርበኛነትን ጸጋ ብምልላይ ንኤርትራዊ ሃገራዊ ሓድነትን ብዙሕነትን ንምዕቃብ ይጽዕር።” ብዝብል ነዚ ቀዳማይ ሓሳብ የራጉዶ።
እዚ ብግቡእን ሓልዮትን እንተ ተመሓዲሩ መልክዕናን ግርማናን፡ ተዘይተመሓዲሩ ከኣ ክፋእናን ውድቀትናን ዝኸውን ናይ ኣተሓሳስባ ብዙሕነትና ኣብ ብዙሕ መዳያት እዩ ዝንጸባረቕ። ኣብ ኣገላልጻ ፖለቲካዊ መንነት ናይቲ ኣብ ኤርትራ ዘሎ ጨቋኒ ጉጅለ ይንጸባረቕ። “ድሕሪ ውድቀት ጉጅለ ህግደፍ ኤርትራ ብኸመይ’ያ ትመሓደር?” ዝብል ሕቶ ኣብ ምምላስ እውን ይንጸባረቕ። ገሊኦም “ጉጅለ ህግደፍ ናይ ውሱን ሃይማኖታዊ እምነት ወኪል’ዩ” ይብሉ። ገሊኦም ድማ ናይ ውሱን ብሄር ወኪልን ሓላው ረብሓን እዩ” ካብ ምባል ድሕር ኣይብሉን። ገሌና ከኣ “ጉጅለ ህግደፍ ውሱን ጸረ ህዝቢ ባርያትን ጸቢብ ረብሓን ናይ ዘራኽቦም ኣንጻር ህዝቢ ዝጨከኑ፡ ንዝኾነ ኤርትራዊ ሃይማኖትን ብሄርን ዘይውክሉን ዘየኽብሩን ውሑዳት ምትእኽካብ እዩ” ንብል። “ኣብ ኤርትራ ድሕሪ ህግደፍ ሕቶ ደሞክራሲ ብኸመይ ይምለስ?” ንዝብል ሕቶ ዝወሃብ መልሲ እውን በቲ ኣቐዲሙ ዝተጠቕሰ ናይ ሓሳብ ፍልልይ ዝጽለው እዩ።
ገሊኦም ኣብ መጻኢት ኤርትራ ዝምስረት ስርዓት ሃይማኖታዊ ክኸውን ይጽዕቱ። ገሊኦም ድማ የለን ነናይ ብሄርካ መንግስቲ ብምምስራት እባ ክብሉ ይስምዑ። እዚ ጥራይ ዘይኮነ ኣብ ዙርያ እዚ ሸነኻዊ እምነታት ይውደቡን ነቲ ጌጋ ዝብልዎ ናይቲ ጉጅለ ኣካይዳ ይደግምዎን። ገሌና ከኣ ብፍላይ ሰልፊ ደሞክራሲ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ፡ እዞም ክልተ ንብዙሕነታዊ ሓድነትና ዘህስሱ ሓሳባት፡ ካብ ፖለቲካዊ መድረኽ ኤርትራ ናይ ምስራዞም ስልጣንን ሓላፍነትን’ኳ ተዘየብሉ፡ ኣብ ኤርትራ በዞም ዝተጠቕሱ ጫፋት ዘይእለ፡ ደሞክራስያውን ዘይሃይማኖታውን (ሰኩላር) ስርዓት ክምስረት ኣለዎ ኢሉ ይኣምን። ንምዕዋቱ ድማ ይቃለስ። ኣብ ክንዲ “ንገሌና” ንኹልና ዝብል ሓሳብ ንምጐልባት ድማ ከይሰልከየ ይሰርሕ። ካብዚ ንኤርትራዊ ውድዕነት ዘንጸባርቕ እምነቱን መትከሉን ዝነቅል “ሰደህኤ ማእከላዊ እምንቶኡ ዲሞክራስያዊ ምሕደራ ህያው ንምግባር ኣብ ሞንጎ ብሄራትን ሕብረተሰብኣዊ ጉጅለታትን ሰላምን ቅሳነትን ተዋሃሂድካ ናይ ምንባር ባህሊ ከስፍን፣ ነቶም ንኤርትራዊ ሃገርነት፡ ብዙሕነትን ሃገራዊ ልዑላውነትን ዝፈታተኑ ግድላት ብንቕሓት ክብድሆምን ክምክቶምን እዩ፤ .. ሰዲህኤ ሰኩልያር ስርዓተ-መንግስቲ ንምህናጽ ኣብ መንጎ ሃይማኖትን መንግስትን ኢድ ምትአትታው ክህሉ ከም ዘይብሉ ይኣምን። ከም መቐጸልታ ናይዚ ድማ ሰዲህኤ ሓያልን ኣዎንታዊ አምንቶኡን ኣብ ሃይማኖታዊ ናጽነት የረጋግጽን፣ ሃይማኖት ኣብ ዉልቀን ሕብረተሰብን ዘለዎ ክብርን ጽልዋን ድማ ይፈልጥን የኽብርን።” ዝብል መትከል ቀንዲ ኣካል መሰረታዊ ሰነዳቱ እዩ።
እቶም ኣብ ትሕቲ ዝተፈላለዩ ኣተሓሳስባታት ዝተወደብና ተቓወምቲ ውድባት ነዚ ካብ ብዙሕነትና ዝምንጩ ናይ ሓሳብ ፍልልያት ከነከኣእሎ እምበር ከነወጋግዶ ኣይንኽእል ኢና። ነዚ ፍልልያት ኣሳንዩ፡ ንዘድልዮ ዓቂቡ ንዘየድልዮ ገሊፉ ናይ መወዳእታ መልክዑ ከትሕዞ ዝኽእል ህዝቢ ኤርትራ፡ ዝመሓደረሉ ቅዋም ከጽድቕ ኣብ ዝኽእለሉ መድረኽ ምስ ደየበ ጥራይ እዩ። ሽዑ እዩ እቲ ህዝቢ ዝድግፎ ኣተሓሳስባ ኣካል ቅዋም ኮይኑ ዝትግበርን ኩልና ክንቅየደሉ እንግደድን። እቲ ተቐባልነት ዘይረኸበ ኣተሓሳስባ ከኣ ንክስማዕ ዕድል ይረክብ። እዚ ዝትግበር ኣምበኣር እቶም ሕጂ ኣብ ህዝባዊ ዳኛ ዘየብሉ ሜዳ “ናተይባ ይበልጽን ይሓይሽን” ንበሃሃል ዘለና ውድባት ነንኣምነሉ ኣተሓሳስባ ሒዝና ኣብ ቅድሚ ህዝቢ ሕጋዊ፡ ኣሳታፊ፡ ሰላማውን ደሞክራስያውን ውድድር ነካይደሉ መድረኽ ምስ ጣጥሐ እዩ።
ብእምንቶይ እቲ ጉጅለ ህግደፍ ኣሊኻ ናብቲም ምስ ህዝብና ዘረኽብ መድረኽ ዘብጽሕ ኩልና እንጐዓዘሉ መንገዲ ናይ ሓባር ጐደና እዩ። እዚ መንገዲ እዚ፡ ናይ ድሕሪ ህግደፍ ፖለቲካዊ እምነቶም ትሕዝቶ ብዘየገድስ፡ ንኹሎም ኣብ ለውጢ ረብሓ ዘለዎምን ንምትግባሩ ዝቃለሱን ወገናት ናይ ሓባሮም እዩ። ዋላ ሓደ ኣካል “እዚ መንገዲ ናይ ከምዚ ፖለቲካዊ እምነት ዘለዎም ጥራይ እዩ” ኢሉ ነቲ ካልእ ከግልል ስልጣን የብሉን። ንረብሓኡ’ውን ኣይኮነን። ናይ ለውጢ ሓይሊ ኣብ ክንዲ ዘተርንዕ ዘዳኽም ስለ ዝኾነ። ሎሚ ክትስጉም እንከለኻ ብዛዕባ ጽባሕ ምሕሳብ’ኳ ሕማቕ ተዘይኮነ፡ ናይ ጽባሕ ትጽቢትካ፡ ንናይ ሎሚ ስጉምትኻ ዘዕንቅፍ ከይከውን ምጥንቃቕ ግና የድሊ። ናይ ሎሚ ውሕልነትካ ንናይ ጽባሕ ተዓዋትነትካ ዝውስን ስለ ዝኾነ። “እንተ ክንብርኩት ዘይክንብርኩት ኣብ ማይ ንብጻሕ” ዝብል ብሂል ዘይምርሳዕ። ጽባሕ ኣብ ዝግበር ናይ ፖሊሲ ውድድር ከይበልጸኒ ኢልካ፡ ከሎ ጌና ሎሚ ተዘየርሓቕኩዎ ምባል ነቲ ካብ ሎሚ ናብ ጽባሕ ዘብጽሕ ናይ ሓባር ዓቕሚ ምድኻም ከም ዘስዕብ ምስትብሃል የድሊ። ከምዚ ዓይነት ልቦና እንተልዩ ጥራይ እያ እምበኣር ናይ ጽባሕ ኤርትራ ናይ ግሌና ዘይኮነትስ ናይ ኩልና እትኸውን።
ሎሚ 27 ጥቅምቲ 2016 ኣብ ከተማ ኒው ዮርክ ሕቡራት መንግስታት ኣመሪካ: ጸረ ዲክታቶርያዊ ስርዓት ኤርትራ ዝተኻየደ ሰላማዊ ሰልፊ ብዓወት ከም እተዛዘመ ተሓቤሩ።
እቲ ሰላማዊ ሰልፊ ካብ ከተማታት ኣመሪካን ካናዳን ከምኡ'ውን ካብ ኤውሮጳ ዝመጹ ደለይቲ ፍትሒ ተሳቲፎምዎ።
ጨናፍር ሰልፊ ዲሞክራሲ ህዝቤ ኤርትራ ኣብ ሰሜን አመሪካ (EPDP NA) ብወከልተን ክሳተፋ እንከለዋ፡ ኣባል ፈጻሚ ሽማግለ ሓው ኣለም ዮውሃንስን፡ ካልኦት ኣባላት ማእከላይ ባይቶ ሰልፍን፡ ኣባላት መሪሕነት ሽማግለ ዞባ ሰሜን ኣመሪካን ኣብቲ ሰላማዊ ስለፊ ተሳቲፎም።
ስላማዊ ሰልፊ ኣብ ምዝዛሙ ድማ፡ ብህያው ቲቪ ዝተመሓላለፈ ህዝባዊ ሰሚናር ተኻይዱ። እዚ ሰላማዊ ሰልፊ’ዚ ከምቲ ናይ ጀነብ ንዲክታቶርያዊ ስርዓት ኤርትራ ዳግማይ ጽፍዒት ዝሃበ ተረኽቦ ምንባሩን፡ ህዝብና መሰላቱ ንምምንዛዕ ዘኽእሎ ባይታ ዝመድመደ ምዃኑን ዝምስከረሉ እዩ።
ኣተሓሒዝና ኣብ ጥብቆ ዘሎ ስእላዊ መግለጺ ነቕርብ።
Interview - Tesfamicheal Y. & Woldu N. EPDP NA.
The Tragedy of the Eritrean Refugees
Interview - Veteran Fighter Yosief Haile - EPDP NA
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ርእሰ-ዓንቀጽ ሰዲህኤ
ብሓላፊ ቤት ጽሕፈት ወጻኢ ዝምድናታት ዝምራሕ፡ ልኡኽ ሰልፊ ዲሞክራሲ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ (ሰዲህኤ)፡ ኣብቲ ኣብ ዝሓለፈ ሰሙን 17-18 ጥቅምቲ 2016 ኣብ ብሩሰልስ ዝተኻየደ ዓመታዊ ዋዕላ ምሕዝነት ገስገስቲ ተሳቲፉ። ኣብዚ ብዙሓት ወከልቲ ሰልፍታት ካብ በበይኑ ኩርነዓት ዓለም ዝተሳተፍዎ ዋዕላ ክሳተፍ እንከሎ ሰዲህኤ ዘቕረቦ መልእኽቲ ኣብ ሰልፋዊ ዛዕባታት ጥራይ ዝተሓጽረ ዘይኮነ ኣብ ህልዊ ኩነታት ኤርትራ ቀዳምነት ዝወሃቦም ጉዳያት ዘተኮረ ምንባሩ ኣብቲ ነዚ ብዝምልከት ዝተዘርገሓ ዜናዊ ጸብጻባት ተገሊጹ ኣሎ። ኩሉ ከም ዘይስሕቶ ሎሚ ኣብ ዓለምና ንኤርትራ ብዝምልከት ኣዛራራቢ ኮይኑ ካብ ዘሎ ብዙሕ ጉዳያት ግህሰት ኩሉ መሰላትን ብሰንኪዚ ግህሰት ዝሰዓበ ዘይዛረየ ስደትን ምዃኑ ንኹላትና ብሩህ እዩ። ልኡኽ ሰደህኤ እውን ነዚ ኣብ ግምት ብምእታው’ዩ ብስምቲ ድምጺ ከለዎ ልሳኑ ዝተዓጽወ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ኣብዚ ዓመታዊ ዋዕላ መልእኽቱ ዘመሓላለፈ።
ሰዲህኤ ኣብዚ ዋዕላ ብስም ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ዘመሓላለፎ መልእኽቲ ንበይኑ ነጺልካ ዝረአ ዘይኮነ፡ መቐጸልታ ናይቲ ብቤት ጽሕፈት ወጻኢ ዝምድናኡ ኣቢሉ ብዛዕባ ዝተፈላለዩ ጉዳያት ናብ ዝተፈላለዩ ዝምልከቶም ኣካላት ከቕርቦ ዝጸንሐ መዘክራት፡ ጻዕርታት መርማሪ ኣካል ሰብኣዊ መሰላት ኤርትራ ኣብ ፍረ ንክበጽሕ ክገብሮ ዝጸንሐን ዘሎን ጻዕሪ፡ ምስ ውልቀ መንግስታትን ሰልፍታትን ዝገብሮ ቀጻሊ ርክባት፡ ጸዋዒት ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ኣብ ዘስምዑ ኣህጉራዊ ሰላማዊ ሰልፍታት ክገብሮ ዝጸንሐ ተሳትፎ ብሓፈሻ፡ ብፍላይ ድማ ናብ መበል 71 ጠቕላላ መገባእያ ሕቡራት ሃገራትን ኣብዚ ቀረባ ግዜ ንናይ ውድብ ሕቡራት ሃገራት ዋና ጸሓፍነት ናብ ዝተመዘዙ ናይ ቅድም ላዕለዋይ ኮሚሽነር ጉዳይ ስደተኛታትን ዝጸሓፎ ንዝሓለፈ ተመኩሮ እዚ ዓለም ለኻዊ ትካል ኣብ ጉዳይ ሃገርና ዘዘኻኽርን ንመጻኢ ዝእምትን መልእኽትታት ብፍላይ ዘራጉድ እዩ።
እዚ ሰልፊ ነዚ ጻዕርታት ዘካይድ ደድሕሪ ሓደስቲ ተረኽቦታት ብምስዓብ ዘይኮነ፡ ካብቲ ኣብ 2ይ ጉባአኡ ንኣገዳስነት ኣህጉራዊ መዳይ መዚኑ “ሰዲህኤ ኣብ ኣህጕራዊ መዳይ ክብራ ዝሓለወት ሃገር ንምህናጽ፡ ኣህጕራዊ ውዕላትን ውሳኔታትን ዘኽብር፡ ንልዑላውነት ሃገራት ዘየድፍርን ናይ ሕድሕድ ኢድ ምትእትታው ዘይቕበልን ዞባውን ኣህጕራውን ዕዮታት ከካይድ እዩ።” ብዝብል ዝወሰኖ መሰረታዊ ኣረኣእያኡ ዝነቅል እዩ። ንቤት ጽሕፈት ኣህጉራዊ ዝምድናታት ሰዲህኤ ከም ዕማም ካብ ዝተዋህበ ሓላፍነታት እቲ “ምስኣህጉራውንዞባውንውድባትብምርኻብኮነመዘክራትብምጽሓፍብምቕራብንመሰላትኤርትራውያንስደተኛታትይከላኸልን፤ ንኣድማሳዊመሰላትኤርትራውያንይጣበቕን” ዝብል ዓንቀጽ ከኣ ካልእ መወከሲኡ እዩ። ኣብዚ ከይተጠቕሰ ዘይሕለፍ ብፍላይ ኣብዚ ዓለምና ብሳላ ምዕባለ መራኸቢ ናብ ሓንቲ ገዛ ዝተቐየረትሉን ሕድሕድ ምጽልላው ዝሓየለሉን መዋእል፡ ግደ ዝምድናታት ኣዝዩ ዓብይ’ኳ እንተኾነ፡ ዘተኣማምን ውሽጣዊ ዓቕሚ ምጥራይ ከኣ ዝያዳ ኣገዳሲ እዩ። እዚ ክበሃል እንከሎ ግና ውሽጣዊ ዓቕምን ድልዱል ዝምድና ምስ ካለኦት ምጥራይን ተጸላለውትን ሓደ ካብቲ ሓደ ፈሊኻ ዘይረኣዩን ምዃኖም ብዘይምዝንጋዕ እዩ።
ሰዲህኤ፡ ምስቲ ኣብ ኤርትራ ዘሎ ሱር ዝሰደደ ጸገምን ዝተሓላለኸ ዝምድናን፡ ብናቱ ፍሉይ ጻዕሪ ጥራይ’ዩ ዝፍታሕ ዝብል እምነት የብሉን። ኣብዚ መዳይ’ዚ ዘለዎ ናይ ሓሳብ ዘይኮነስ ናይ ዓቕሚ ውሱንነት እውን ይርዳእ እዩ። እቲ ክሳብ ሕጂ ኣብዚ መዳይዚ ነቲ ስርዓት ኣብ ምቅላዕ ተመዝጊቡ ዘሎ ዓወት ኮነ ንመጻኢ ዝምዝገብ ዓወት እኩብ ድምር ጻዕርን ኣበርክቶን ኩሎም ኤርትራውያን ምዃኑ ከኣ ይኣምን። እቲ ጻዕሪ ምእንቲ ኣብቲ ዝድለ ዓወት ክበጽሕ ከኣ ሰዲህኤ ካብኡ ዝድለ መሪሕ ኣበርክቶ ብምግባር ኣብነት ክትከውን ምኽኣል ግቡኡን ሓላፍነቱን ምዃኑ ኣሚኑ’ዩ ዝሰርሕ። ነዚ ንምዕዋት ውሱናት ኣባላት ጥራይ ዘይኮኑ፡ ኩሉ ኣካላቱን መላእ ደምበ ተቓውሞ’ውን ከይተረፈ ሓቢሩ ክንቀሳቐስሉ ናይ ወርትግ እምነቱ እዩ። ከም ኣብቲ ካልእ መዳያት ኤርትራውያን ናይ ለውጢ ሓይልታት፡ በቲ ሓደ ወገን ብዘለና ዓቕሚ ብሓባር ክንሰርሕ፡ እንተዘየለ ከኣ ነቶም ኤርትራዊ ዛዕባ ማእከል ገይሮም ዓቕሞም ዘወፍዩ ውገናትና ከነተባብዕ ዘይምብቃዓና ኣብ ምስሊ ቃልስና ሕማቕ ነጥቢ እዩ። ካብዚ ስግንጢር’ዚ ክንወጽእ ከኣ ቃልሲ ኣብ ወውሽጥና ይጽበየና ኣሎ።
ዲፕሎማሲያዊ ስረሓት ረቂቕን ምስ ናይ ካለኦት ረብሓ እንዳተፈሓፋሕካ ዝካየድን ብምዃኑ ውጽኢቱ ኣብ ሓጺር ግዜ ጐሊሑ ዝረአ ኣይኮነን። ከምዚ ስለ ዝኾነ ገለ ወገናት፡ ቅልጡፍ ውጽኢት ካብ ናይ ምርካብ ጽቡቕ ድሌት ነቒሎም፡ ነቲ ጻዕርታት ”እንታይ ቁምነገር እሞ ተረኾብዎ’ዩ” ክብልዎ ይስማዕ እዩ። እዚ መዳይ ቃልሲዚ ዘዝበሃግካዮ ከም ድላይካ ትሓፍሰሉ ኣይኮነን። ምኽንያቱ እቲ ሜዳ ናይ ሓባር ስለ ዝኾነ እቲ ውጽኢት እውን ኣብ ሂብካ ምቕባል እሞ ካብ መሰረታዊ መትከልካ ከይለቕቕካ ዝተሰረተ ናይ ሓባር እዩ። ንሕና ብዛዕባ ኤርትራን ህዝባን ክንሓስብ እንከለና፡ እቲ ንዛመዶ ከኣ ብዛዕባ ረብሓ ሃገሩን ህዝቡን እዩ ዝሓስብ። ካብ 50ታት ጀሚርና ፖለቲካዊ ኣመጻጸኣና እንተዳህሲስና ከኣ እዚ ኮለል ኢሉ እዩ ዝረኣየና። ግን ከኣ እዚ መዳይዚ ይኽበድ ይፍኮስ፡ ቃልስና ዕዉት ንክኸውን ዘይዝለል ስለ ዝኾነ፡ ሰዲህኤ ጻዕሩ ከም ኣብ ኩሉ መዳያት ኣብዚ መዳይዚ’ውን ቀጻሊ እዩ።
EPDP North America (NA) 4th Congress
15-16 October 2016
Chicago, Illinois, USA
On the Eritrean Common National Heritage
Understanding that the Eritrean Nation-State is a large-scale solidarity, constituted by the feeling of the sacrifices that the Eritrean people have made in the past and those that the Eritrean people are prepared to make in the future,
Recognizing the fact that Eritrea is a plural society characterized by diverse social cleavages that go along linguistic, religious, cultural and regional/geographic divisions,
Further recognizing the fact that during the long political evolution of Eritrea as a nation-state, the diverse Eritrean social groups coalesced into one entity in search of freedom, liberty and national sovereignty,
Mindful of the fact that the Eritrean Nation-State is the ultimate realization of the sacrifices of generation of Eritreans in search of nationhood and national identity,
Noting that 1991 is a watershed in the long history of the Eritrean struggle in search of nationhood and sovereignty that should have laid the ground work for the struggle for socioeconomic and political development to ensue,
Further noting that instead of reconciliation, the dictatorial regime has been promoting a process of political and economic exclusion and elimination and as a result chaos and degree of entropy has been increasing with lasting and drastic impacts on the inner-societal stability and the fabric of the Eritrean society,
Cognizant of the fact that there are some elements in the Eritrean Diaspora, who recently have been active in the cyber in the mischaracterization of and delegitimization of the Eritrean liberation struggle,
The North America (NA) EPDP 4th Congress,
Declares that trying to delegitimize the history of the liberation struggle, which is equivalent to insulting and disrespecting Eritrean martyrs and war disabled Eritrean Tegadeliti, is a red line that must not be crossed;
Encourages EPDP to spearhead an intensive campaign to defend and safeguard the legitimacy and righteousness of the Eritrean quest for national identity in general and the liberation struggle in particular;
Urges the Eritrean people to reject the nihilistic and pessimistic attitudes towards the history of the Eritrean liberation era;
Calls upon all elements of the Eritrean society – all Eritrean civil societies, youth groups and political organization as well as prominent individuals, both academicians and religious personalities- to protect, maintain and promote the Eritrean Common National Heritage;
On the conditions of the Eritrean youth and Refugees
Realizing the fact that the youth is most vital and dynamic force of the Eritrean society,
Noting the critical roles that the young play in any socio-economic and political development of Eritrea,
Cognizant of the fact that the youth is the most betrayed and the one, which endures the brunt of the injustices of the dictatorship in post-independent Eritrea,
Further cognizant of the fact that forced labor and indefinite national service are imposed with detrimental effect to its future upon this group,
Recognizing the fact that fleeing the country in droves has become the last resort of the Eritrean youth and yet at the expense of risking its life and in the face of the “shoot-to-kill” policy of the regime;
Noting that the predatory regime in Eritrea is the root cause for the continued influx and displacement of our people, which is resulting in the loss of hundreds and thousands of Eritrean lives across the world,
Recalling that many Eritrean young perished while crossing borders, great deserts, and deep and wide seas and oceans and at the hands of human traffickers and organ harvesters;
Further recalling the fact that many Eritrean young are languishing in refugee camps of their host countries without access to education, training, adequate basic life necessities as well as physical and mental health services,
Appreciating EPDP’s efforts and commitments to the cause of Eritrean refugees,
Recognizing the efforts taken by a number of Eritrean organized groups and individuals to address the problem Eritrean refugees are facing, and mainly Eritrean refugees in the Horn of Africa, Middle East, and in the Mediterranean Sea rim countries who are becoming the victim of human traffickers,
The North America (NA) EPDP 4th Congress,
Encourages EPDP to continue to support the Eritrean refugees and defend the Eritrean refuges’ rights in international forums, including assisting them to obtain political asylum in their host countries or to resettle to a third-party country;
Urges all Eritrean civil societies, youth groups and political organization as well as prominent individuals, both academicians and religious personalities in the Diaspora to understand the uniqueness of the “Eritrean Refugee” and to work to promote the welfare, the humanity and dignity of the Eritrean refugees in their host countries;
Calls upon the host countries to provide the Eritrean refugees with the necessary physical and mental health services, psychological counseling, education and training services as well as legal and communities services;
Further Calls upon the international community, the United Nations refugee agencies, and the host countries to protect and assist Eritrean refugees according to the provisions established in the various refugee conventions and protocols;
Urges the Eritrean opposition forces and civil society organizations to work in unison to get rid of the root cause of the unspeakable plight of Eritrean refugees – removing the Eritrean dictatorial regime from political power;
On the Integrity of Eritrea as a Sovereignty Nation-State
Reaffirming the preservation and maintenance of Eritrea’s sovereignty and territorial integrity is fundamental for Eritrean people,
Recalling that Eritrean people paid heavy sacrifices against successive foreign occupiers for their self-determination, national identity, and national sovereignty that was achieved after a long armed struggle in 1991,
Opposing all threats or use of force against the territorial integrity and political independence of Eritrea, or intervening in its domestic affairs,
Reaffirming the respect of the principles of international law regarding the conduct of relations carried out among states is crucial for the maintenance of peace and security of countries,
Opposing any foreign military or the conduct of foreign political coercion against Eritrea’s political independence and territorial integrity, or its political unity as a country,
The North America (NA) EPDP 4th Congress,
Understands that the preservation of Eritrean sovereignty is a pre-condition to a democratic and prosperous Eritrea;
Declares that Eritrea’s territorial integrity and political independence is inviolable and that Eritrean people have the duty to protect it under any circumstances;
Further Declares that no part of Eritrea or its regions or its ports is to be split from the sovereign and territorial State of Eritrea;
Reiterates support of EPDP policy of decentralization system of government in Eritrea within the sovereign State of Eritrea.
On Unity of the Eritrean Diaspora-based Opposition forces for change
Cognizant of the fact that many of the opposition groups which constitute the opposition camp have roots in the era of the liberation struggle with a legacy of constant splitting and internal feuds and consequently not only are they weak and divided but also they have divergent political and policy orientations,
Convinced that forging unity amongst all Eritrean opposition forces for change is an essential national foundation, which will enable us to remove the PFDJ regime in the immediate term and provides us an opportunity to create a ground conducive for establishing a united and democratic Eritrea in the long term,
Recognizing that unity amongst Eritrean opposition forces for change fosters and lays the foundation for peace and reconciliation among Eritrean people in post PFDJ Eritrea,
Noting that the primary responsibility of achieving unity rests with all Eritrean opposition forces for change and civil society organizations, including the Eritrean public at large,
Emphasizing the significance of taking action now to fulfill our obligation and responsibility on the question of unity is more urgent than ever before, given the deteriorating situation of our country,
Reaffirming once again the political determination and commitment of EPDP on national unity, and the efforts and contributions it has so far made to advance the cause of unity as a fundamental national project is recognizable and on a record,
Further reaffirming EPDP’s stand on unity is consistent with our national principles and values that promote peaceful coexistence amongst our diverse cultures, religions, and faiths, as well as a crucial position that ensures and safeguards our independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity,
The North America (NA) EPDP 4th Congress,
Calls upon EPDP to continue doubling its effort on achieving unity by establishing a framework that reflects the current state of affairs of the Eritrean opposition forces for change;
Encourages EPDP to continue maintaining mutual understanding and relationships, discussions, and confidence building between Eritrean opposition forces for change in an effort to alleviate the challenges and obstacles we face regarding unity;
Supports the stated principle of EPDP relating to unity: one that calls for the establishment of complete unity/merger between forces whose principles and political persuasions are similar, and the second that calls for the formation of coalition/umbrella within the framework of narrowing the differences through dialogue and confidence building measures down the road;
Calls upon Eritrean opposition members and civil society organizations to consider and address unity as a priority in our struggle and work transparently with a view to playing a positive role and strengthening the pillars of unity;
Urges Eritrean experts and scholars, especially those who have expertise in the field of conflict resolution and reconciliation, to play their professional roles - actively engaging and providing expertise advice through seminars and conferences to Eritreans.
On the Eritrean Diaspora Grass Roots Movement
Recognizing that grass roots movements at the local levels can promote effective leadership and can act as incubators of democracy,
Convinced that the Eritrean Diaspora grass roots movement that became more active during the last two-three years ago is a turning point in the democratic struggle Eritrean people are waging,
Noting that the mushrooming of world-wide grass roots movement is unequivocal demonstration and a strong rejection of the tyrannical system in Eritrea,
Stressing the importance of establishing and creating a world-wide leadership and organization of the grass roots movement,
Conscious that a world-wide leadership and coordination of grass roots movement would contribute positively to a common understanding, and coordinated mobilization and campaign against the predatory regime,
Keeping in mind that the measurable success so far registered by Eritrean grass root movements and the evidence of an increase in public support presents an imminent opportunity for boosting the democratic struggle,
The North America (NA) EPDP 4th Congress,
Reaffirms that EPDP should continue strengthening, supporting and enhancing Eritrean Diaspora grass root movements, particularly in support of establishing local, regional, and international leadership and organization;
Calls upon Eritrean political groups, civil society organizations, experts, and others to give particular and timely attention to the development, cooperation, and guidance of the Eritrean Diaspora grass root movements;
Stresses the importance of mending the intergenerational gap (between the liberation era and the present generation) that exists among Eritreans by learning from each other and acknowledging the diversity of each other’s experience, perspective, and values, and embracing our common values, beliefs and expectations so as to create a culture of inclusion and understanding on how to work together against the tyrannical system of the predatory regime and how to ensure the continuity of our country through cultivating the current and future Eritrean generations;
Further stresses that each generation has a lot to offer to our country’s future, but this would only be productive if each generation engages in a positive discussion and debate aimed at solidifying the struggle against the PFDJ regime and securing the destiny of future generations.
Internal Resistance and Struggle for Democratic Change and Justice in Eritrea
Referring to EPDP’s strategy that the decisive force for change comes from inside Eritrea,
Noting the fact that the internal struggle suffered from an exceptionalism narrative, a political culture dominated by the reminiscences of the liberation era that dilutes the present reality inside Eritrea,
Deeply convinced that the internal struggle is established by sharing and focusing on the attributes of the values (such as national unity, the 1997 constitution, justice, territorial integrity, and relation with Ethiopia...etc) and political culture of the internal forces in relation to the type of change they desire,
Further deeply convinced that establishing an organized resistance and leadership inside Eritrea is crucial with a view to expediting the defeat of the predatory regime, as well as to adopting measures that would ensure unity and peaceful democratic transition in post PFDJ Eritrea,
Fully believing that the majority partners in the internal struggle are ex-EPLF freedom fighters, Eritrean Defense forces, and PFDJ members, including the general Eritrean populace, and emphasizing that the overall influence the internal forces have over the struggle for democracy is critical and decisive,
Noting that the relation between Eritrean opposition and Ethiopia that operates under a structure of lack of transparency erodes the relationship between the internal resistance and the Diaspora opposition,
The North America (NA) EPDP 4th Congress,
Encourages that EPDP adopts a policy statement on how to establish and connect the internal struggle to the outside opposition;
Endorses that the policy statement to identify partners of the internal opposition forces and empower them in a targeted and strategic manner against the repressive regime of PFDJ;
Further Endorses that the policy statement to promote the principle of peaceful and democratic resistance that EPDP advocates for as this guarantees a strong national unity and sustainable democratization process in Eritrea;
Decides that the Party to invest in communication, mobilization, and media that exposes and challenges all facets of tyranny, repression, injustice, and corruption of the predatory regime in collaboration with the internal opposition forces.
On Synchronizing the Inside Eritrea and the Diaspora Struggle for Democratic Change and Justice
Reaffirming EPDP’s position on the establishment of a solid connection between the struggles of the inside and outside Eritrea as its fundamental strategy to effect democratic change in Eritrea,
Further reaffirming that employing different approaches and means of engagement on how to coalesce these two fronts into the same page should be one of the underpinning strategies of the opposition,
Believing that establishing an organized resistance and leadership inside Eritrea is crucial with a view to expediting the defeat of the predatory regime, as well as to adopting measures that would ensure unity and peaceful democratic transition in post PFDJ Eritrea,
Further believing that the key and critical force for democratic change in Eritrea is a home-based democratic forces that can partner with junior Diaspora-based democratic forces,
The North America (NA) EPDP 4th Congress,
Calls upon Eritrean opposition forces for change to formulate and implement a comprehensive action plan, indentifying steps and measures to connect the homeland and Diaspora struggles;
Urges Eritrean opposition forces for change to design and establish comprehensive news and media regime that will enhance, broaden, and raise awareness of Eritrean people on democracy and constitutional governance;
Further urges Eritrean opposition forces for change to use news and media as an instrument for integrated information campaign to expose and undermine the gross and systematic practice of terrorism and intimidation, violence and brutality, and repression being perpetuated by the predatory regime on our people while safeguarding the unity, political independence, and territorial integrity of Eritrea;
Emphasizes once again that the defeat of PFDJ is dependent upon founding a strong resistance organization inside Eritrea, which should be tied and work hand in hand with the Diaspora opposition in order to defeat the PFDJ, in addition to laying ground for a smooth transition to democracy in post PFDJ Eritrea
On the Eritrean Defense Forces (EDF)
Acknowledging that the only organized institution in Eritrea is the EDF,
Further acknowledging that the duty and defense of the country falls under the responsibility of the EDF,
Strongly Supporting the EDF for its continued service in defending the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Eritrea,
Acknowledging that the EDF bears the brunt of the PFDJ repression and injustice, and that it continues to be deprived of its fundamental political and civil rights like the rest of Eritrean people, and that it is among the most impoverished sector of Eritrean society,
Further reminding that the EDF is part of the oppressed Eritrean society under the PFDJ regime, and that it has a national obligation to play its decisive role in the struggle for democracy in Eritrea against the repressive regime of PFDJ,
The North America (NA) EPDP 4th Congress,
Affirms its confidence on the EDF to continue defending the country’s territorial integrity and its political and national unity;
Declares its Solidarity with the EDF in the struggle against the predatory regime;
Calls once more upon the EDF to organize itself and engage in the struggle against the predatory regime.
On The Question of International Relations
Reiterating noninterventionist policy ensures sustainable peace and cooperation between Eritrea and its neighbors,
Affirming the importance of support and assistance of neighboring countries to the Eritrean opposition forces,
Observing the support structure of neighboring countries to the Eritrean opposition forces undermines the independence of Eritrean opposition forces,
Deeply concerned that the current neighboring Countries’ policies contribute to division and disunity among Eritrean opposition forces, damaging the long established harmony and coexistence among all sectors of Eritrean society,
Alarmed at the effects of neighboring Countries’ policies in the Eritrean refugee camps in the Horn of Africa that nurtures tribalism, sectarianism, and regionalism,
The North America (NA) EPDP 4th Congress,
Notes that the interventionist policies of neighboring countries on the Eritrean opposition forces has not been effective, creating many unsustainable splinter political groups unable to accomplish a concrete step towards rallying the Eritrean people against the predatory regime over the last quarter of a century;
Emphasizes the need for neighboring countries to refrain from intervening and managing the internal affairs of the Eritrean opposition forces as an important principle to achieving peace and sustainable relationship between Eritrea and it’s neighbors;
Calls upon the Eritrean opposition forces and civil society organizations to revisit their relationships with would be assisting countries critically in a manner that ensures their independence and ownership of the struggle against the predatory regime;
Supports all the support and assistance from would be assisting countries’ governments anchored on facilitating the democratic struggle of the Eritrean people and promoting unity among the Eritrean opposition forces.
On the Eritrean-Ethiopian Border Demarcation and the Algiers Peace Agreement
Recalling the Algiers peace agreement signed between Eritrea and Ethiopia in December 2000 that ended the border conflict between the two countries,
Further Recalling the establishment of The Hague based Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission (EEBC) to render a “final and binding” verdict on border conflict,
Reminding that the EU, AU, United Nations, and USA attended the signing of the Algiers peace agreement as guarantors of the agreement,
Further reminding that the border has not been demarcated almost 15 years after the ruling was handed down due to the refusal of the Ethiopian government, and also stressing that the status quo is not sustainable between the two countries,
Realizing that demarcating the border between the two countries contributes to sustainable peace and stability both to the two countries and to the Greater Horn of Africa,
The North America (NA) EPDP 4th Congress,
Calls upon Ethiopian government to honor the Algiers agreement it signed and allow physical demarcation of the border by accepting the “final and binding” clause of the agreement;
Further calls upon the guarantors of the peace treaty to honor their commitment and pressure the Ethiopian government to allow the physical demarcation of the border between the two countries,
ደምዳሚ መግለጺ 4ይ ስሩዕ ጉባኤ ዞባ ሰ.ኣ-ሰ.ዲ.ህ.ኤ
Written by EPDP Information Office
ዞባ ሰሜን ኣመሪካ ሰልፊ ዲሞክራሲ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ፡ ኣብ ቅዋሙ ዘስፈሮ መደብ መሰረት ብምግባር፣ ኣብ ከክልተ ዓመት ከካይዶ ንዝጸንሐ ስሩዕ ጉባኤታቱ፣ ብ15-16 ጥቅምቲ 2016 4ይ ስሩዕ ጉባኤኡ ኣብ ኣዳራሽ ራዲሶን ሆቴል፣ ከተማ ቺካጎ ብዓወት ዛዚሙ።
4ይ ዞባዊ ጉባኤ ብኣቦ መንበር ኣሳናዳኢት ዞባ ሽማግለ፣ ኣቶ ወልዱ ነጋሲ፣ መኽፈቲ ቃል ቀሪቡ። ቀጺሉ ብቕደም-ተኸተል ተሰሪዑ ዝቕረበ መደባት ብምኽታል፡
• ኣቶ ኣለም ዮውሃንስ ኣባል ፈጻሚ ቤት ጽሕፈትን ሓላፊ ማሕበራዊ ጉዳያትን ኣብዚ ዓመት’ዚ ብሞት ንዝተፈልዩ ኣገደስቲ ተቓለስቲ ኣባላት ሰልፊ፡ ኣቶ ኣልኣዛር ቀለተን ኣቶ ዑስማን ኣሕመድን፣ ብተወፋይነት ዘበርክትዎ ዝነበሩ ሞያ ብምዝካር ኣኽብሮቱ ገሊጹ። ከምኡ’ውን ንሰልፊ ዕዙዝ ኣበርክቶ ዝገበሩ ኣባላት ኣስማቶም ብምዝርዛር ኣመስጊኑ።
• ካብ ኣቦመንበር ሰልፊ ኣቶ መንግስትኣብ ኣስመሮም ዝተላእከ መልእኽቲ፡ “ኣብ 4ይ ጉባኤኹም ክሳተፍ ብመሪሕነት ዞባ ዝቐረበለይ ዕድመ እኳ እንተነበረ፣ ብምኽንያት ናይ ኣቐዲሙ ተታሒዙ ዝነበረ መደብ ክሳተፍ ብዘይምኽኣለይ ይቕሬታ እናሓተትኩ፡ ጉባኤኹም ዕዉት ክኸውን ዘሎኒ ትምኒት ክገልጽ እፈቱ” ብምባል ሃለዋት ሃገርናን ህዝብናን ዝሓልፎ ዘሎ ኵነታትን ንሰልፍና ዝጽበዮ ዘሎ ብድሆታትን ዝገልጽ ደብዳበ ብወኪል ኣቦመንበር ኣብ ዞባ ሰሜን ኣመሪካ ኣቶ ገረዝጊሀር ተወልደ ተነቢቡ።
• ኣባል ፈጻሚ ቤት ጽሕፈትን ሓላፊ ስርርዓዊ ጉዳያትን ኣቶ ተስፋይ ወልደሚካኤል፣ ንዞባውን ሰልፋውን ዝምልከቱ ጉዳያት ኣልዒሉ ሰፊሕ መግለጺ ኣቕሪቡ።
• ኣቦመንበር ዞባ ሽማግለ ኣቶ ቃለኣብ ክፍለ፣ ዝርዝር ጸብጻብ ንጥፈታት ናይ መላእ ዞባን ጨናፍርን፣ ዝተሳለጠ ዕማማትን ዘጋጠመ ብድሆታትን ድሕሪ ምቕራቡ፣ ሓለፍቲ ኣብያተ ጽሕፈታት ዞባ’ውን በብተራ ኣብ ትሕቲ ሓላፍነቶም ዝተሰላሰለ ጸብጻባት ኣንቢቦም።
ጉባኤ ካብ ከተገልግል ዝጸንሐት ኣካያዲት ዞባ ሽማግለ ዝቐረበሉ ጸብጻባት ብጽሞና ድሕሪ ምስማዕ፣ ኣድላዪ ክትዓትን ምርድዳእን ድሕሪ ምክያድ ከም ሕጋዊ ሰነድ ናይ ዞባ ተቐቢሉ ብድምጺ ኣጽዲቕዎ። ዞባ ሽማግለ ሓላፍነታ ብጸብጻብ ንጉባኤ ድሕሪ ምርካባ፣ ጉባኤ ካብ ውሽጡ ሓሙሽተ ዝኣባላታ ሰክረታርያ መሪጹ ብኣሳናዳኢት ዝቐረበሉ ዛዕባታት ተሞርኵሱ ብዛዕባ ኣገደስቲ ሰልፋዊ ውሽጣዊ ኩነታትን ኤርትራውን ከባቢያውን ሃለዋትን ኣድላዪ ክትዓት ኣካይዱን መዚኑን።
ጉባኤ ኣብ ልዕሊ’ቲ ንጥፈታት ነፍሲ ወከፍ ቤት ጽሕፈት፡ ኣብ ሚዛኑ ቆላሕታ ካብ ዝሃቦም ዛዕባታት:
ሓደ፡ ህልዊ ኩነታት ኤርትራ ኮይኑ፡ ኣብዚ እዋን’ዚ ኩነታት ሃገርናን ህዝብናን ኣብ ትሕቲ ኣርዑት መላኺ ጉጅለ ህግደፍ ዝነብሮ ዘሎ ኣሰቃቒ ሃለዋት፤ ካብ ዕለት ናብ ዕለት እናባኣሰ ዝኸይድ ዘሎ፣ ማይ፣ መግቢ፣ መብራህትን ካልኦት መሰረታውያን ነገራትን ዝሰኣነሉ ኵነታት ሰፊኑ ምህላዉ፡ ዋሕዚ መንእሰያት ኤርትራውያን ንስደት እናዛየደ’ምበር እናነከየ ይመጽእ ከምዘየሎ፡ ስርዓት ህግደፍ ዘተኣታተዎ ናይ ባጤራ ምልዋጥ ፖሊሲ፣ ንህዝብና ብጎረርኡ ሒዝዎ ከምዘሎን ህጹጽ ፍታሕ ዘድልዮ ምዃኑን ርእዩ።
ብኻልእ ሸነኽ ድማ፣ ኣብ መንጎ ኤርትራውያን ብሓፈሻ ይኹን ኣብ መንጎ ተቓወምቲ ውድባት ብፍላይ ዘሎ ዘይምትእምማን መንፈስን ናይ ምርሕሓቕን ምብትታንን ተርእዮታትን ኣብ ኣዝዩ ኣሻቓሊ ደረጃታት ምህላዉ ገምጊሙ። ሰልፊ ዲሞክራሲ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ፣ ካብዚ ግንዛበ’ዚ ተበጊሱ፣ ነቲ ኣብ መንጐ ተቓወምቲ ውድባት ዘሎ ዝምድናታት ንምምሕያሽ ነቲ ብኣሳላጥነት መድረኽ ንሃገራዊ ልዝብ ኣብ ከንያ ዝተጀመረ ርክባት ንምዕዋት ክድፍኣሉ ከምዘለዎ ጉባአ ተላብዩ።
4ይ ዞባዊ ጉባአ ሰልፍና ንምሕያል ዘገልግሉ ኣገደስቲ ዕማማትን ውሳኔታትን ኣሕሊፉ፣ ንዝመጽእ ክልተ ዓመት እተገልግል ብሸውዓተ ቀወምትን ክልተ ተጠባበቕትን ዝቖመት ዞባ ሽማግለ፣ ብምምራጽ ዛዚሙ።
ኣብ መወዳእታ ድማ፥ ነቶም ብኮሚሽን ምርመራ ሰብኣዊ መሰላት ሕቡራት ሃገራት ዝተለለዩ ግህሰታት ሰብኣዊ መሰላት፡ እንተላይ እቶም ብገበን ኣንጻር ሰብኣውነት ከኽስሱ ዝኽእሉ ጸብጻባትን ለበዋታትን ግቡእ ምክትታል ክግበረሎምን ነቶም ፈጸምቶም ድማ ናብ ሕጊ ንምቕራብ ባይቶ ሰብኣዊ መሰላት ሕቡራት ሃገራት ዝገበሮ ምሕጽንታ ብምዝካር፡ 4ይ ጉባአ ደገፉ ገሊጹ። ብምቕጻል ሰልፍና ከም ኣካል ናይቲ ብደለይቲ ፍትሒ ዝካየድ ሰላማዊ ሰልፍታት ተሳትፎኡ ከረጋግጽ ምዃኑ ኣስሚርሉ ።
ዓወት ንፍትሓዊ ቃልሲ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ
ውድቀት ንምልኪ
4ይ ዞባዊ ጉባአ ሰሜን ኣመሪካ ሰደህኤ
16 ጥቅምቲ 2016
