http://ascenteq.com/project/epdp

ቃልስና ናይ ኣተሓሳስባ ለውጢ ቃልሲ እዩ። ለውጢ ክንብል እንከለና ካብዚ ዘለናዮ መትሓጃ ዘይብሉ ኩነታት ናብ ራህዋ ዘስግር ለውጢ ማለት እዩ። ኮታ ካብ ኣሉታ ናብ ኣውንታ ዝግበር ጉዕዞ ሒዝና ኢና ሰለይ ንብል ዘለና። እዚ ጉዕዞና ንክዕወት ክንስዕሮ ዝግበኣና ንለውጢ ዝዕንቅጽ ኣካል ኣሎ ማለት ምዃኑ ኩላትና ዘይንስሕቶ እዩ። እዚ ጉዳይ ከይገፍሓና ናብቲ ናይ ቀረባ ጉዳይና ክንምለስ። ቃልስና ኣንጻር እቲ ንህዝብና ታሪኹ መንዚዑ፡ ንመስዋእቱ ክሒዱ ደም ዘንበዖ ዘሎ ጉጅለ ህግደፍ እዩ። ጉጅለ ህደፍ ክለዓል እንከሎ ከም ርዱእ ዲክታቶር ኢሳይያስን ደቀ መዛምርቱን ዝዝውርዎ ጉጅለ ማለትና ምዃኑ ከይደቀስካ ዝተሓልመ እዩ። ኣብ ልዕሊ ጉጅለ ህግደፍን ተዋሳእቱን ካብ ዘለና ጽልኢ ዝነቐለ ኢሳይያስን ሰዓብቱን ከም ሰባት ብዝኾነ መንገዲ ካብዛ ዓለም ንክእለዩ እንጽልን እንምነን ብዙሓት ኢና። ምናልባት እውን ናይ ኩላትና ደለይቲ ለውጢ ሕልምን ጸሎትን እዩ እንተበልና ምግናን ኣይኮነን።

ንኢሳይያስን ሰዓብቱን ከም ሰባት ሕማቖም ምምናይና ጌጋ ኣይኮነን። ምኽንያቱ ብሰንኮም እያ ሃገርና ኣብ ናይ ምህላውን ዘይምህላውን ቀራና መንገዲ ኮይና ውድቀት ወይ ድሕነት እትጽበ ዘላ። ኣብዚ ግና ሓደ ከነስተውዕለሉ ዝግበኣና ጉዳይ ኣሎ። ንቀንዲ መራሕቲ ጉጅለ ህግደፍ ወሲኽካ ንሰባት ብሰብነቶም ዘይኮነስ ብመንጽር እቲ ዝምርሕሉ ኣተሓሳስባ ኢና ክንመዝኖም ዝግበኣና። እዚ ነቶም ንጸልኦም”ሞ ክውገዱልና እንደልዮም ጥራይ ዘይኮነ፡ ነቶም እንድግፎምን ነዊሕ ዕድመ ንምነየሎም እውን ዝምልከት እዩ። ሰባት ብሃይማኖቶም፡ ብጾታኦም፡ ብዕድሚኦምን ብቦታዊ መበቆሎምን ዝተፈላለዩ ክኾኑ እንከለዉ፡ እቲ ኣብ ከምዚ ንርከበሉ ዘለና ናይ ለውጢ ቃልሲ ንምምዛኖም ክንጥቀመሉ ዝግበኣና መለክዒ ፖለቲካዊ ኣተሓሳስባኦም እዩ። ንሕና “ዲክታቶር ኢሳይያስ ይወገድ” ክንብል እንከለና ነቲ ነዊሕ፡ ሓላኽ፡ ተንኮለኛ፡ ንነዊሕ ግዜ ቅድም ንህግሓኤ ደሓር ድማ ንህግደፍ ዝመረሐን ዝመርሕ ዘሎን ዘይግራኡ ዝኾልል ውልቀሰብ ሰብ ዘይኮነስ፡ ነቲ ንሱ ኣብዚ ነዊሕ ናይ ምምራሕ ግዜኡ ክምረሓሉ ዝጸንሐን ዘሎን ዘየናሕሲ ኣተሓሳስባኡ ኢና። ካብዚ ብምንቃል ኢና ድማ ጉጅለ ህግድፍ ዝምዘን ብመንጽር ስብእና ናይቶም ዝዝውርዎ ዘለዉ ባእታታት ጥራይ ዘይኮነስ፡ ብመንጽር እቲ ዝምርሕሉ ዝነበሩን ዘለዉን ለውጢ ዘይቅበል፡ ጸዋግ፡ ጸቢብን ጸረ-ህዝብን ኣተሓሳስባኦም ክኸውን ይግበኦ። እዞም ንዛረበሎም ዘለና ሰባት ካብዚ ዝተጠቕሰ እኩይ ኣተሓሳስባ ነጻ እንተዝኾኑ ምስኣቶም ኣብ ተጻራሪ ደንበታት ንስለፈሉ ምኽንያት’ውን ኣይመሃለወን። እቲ በብግዜኡ “ቃልስና ናይ ሰባት ዘይኮነስ ናይ መሰረታዊ ኣተሓሳስባ ለውጢ ምርግጋጽ እዩ” እንብሎ ኸዓ ካብዚ እዩ ዝነቅል።

ዕድሚኦም፡ ናይ ቃልሲ ድሕረባይተኦም፡ ቋንቋኦም፡ ዜግነቶም ካባና ዘይፍለዩ ኣብ ጓይላ ህግደፍ ዘኹድዱ ሒደት ኤርትራውያን ኣለዉ። ንሳቶም በቲ ሓደ ወገን፡ ንሕና ድማ ኣብቲ ካልእ ወገን ተሰሊፍና ንክንተፋነን ቀንዲ ምኽንያትና እምበኣር ናይ ኣተሓሳስባ ፍልልያትና እዩ። ስለዚ ንህግደፍ ከም ጉጅለ ክንመዝኖን ክንትንትኖን እንከለና ቀንዲ መለክዒናን ቆላሕታናን የንቀሳቕስዎ ናይ ዘለዉ ሰባት ስብእና ዘይኮነስ እቲ እዚ ጉጅለ ዝምረሓሉ ዘሎ ዘይቅርዑይ ኣተሓሳስባ ክኸውን ይግበኦ። ምናልባት እዚ ኣተሓሳስባኦም ካብቲ ኤርትራዊ ፖለቲካዊ ባይታ ከይተጓሕፈ፡ እዞም ናይ ሕጂ ተዋሳእቱ ብዝኾነ መንገዲ እንተ ተወገዱ’ውን፡ ጽባሕ እውን ኣብዚ ዝጐደፈ ባይታ ካልኦት ዲክታቶራት ናይ ምፍራዮም ዕድል ክፉት እዩ ዝኸውን። እቲ ባይታ ዲክታቶርን ዲክታተርነትን ብዘይቅበል ኣገባብ እንተ ተመድሚዱ ግና ጽባሕ ካልእ ወጻዒ ዘይበቝሎ ውሑስ እዩ ዝኸውን። ስለዚ እነመዝግቦ ናይ ለውጢ ዓወት ውሑስ ዝኸውን ንዲክታተራት ጥራይ ዘይኮነስ ቀንዲኳ ደኣ ንዲክታተርነት ክንስዕር እንተኽኢልና ጥራይ እዩ።

እዚ ሕጂ ኣንጻሩ ንቃለስ ዘለና፡ ግዜኡ ዝሓለፈ ጸረ ለውጢ ኣተሓሳባ፡ ብኻብኡ ዝማዕበለ ህዝባዊ ኣተሓሳስባ እምበር፡ ከም ወተሃደራዊ መዛግብ ብሓይሊ ኣጽዋር ኣይኮነን ዝፈርስ። ኣተሓሳስባ ንወዲ ሰብ እንተ ናብ ጥፍኣት ወይ ናብ ልምዓት ዝመርሕ ረቂቕ መሳርሒ ስለ ዝኾነ፡ ነቲ ግጉይ ኣተሓሳስባ ኣወጊድካ ብቅኑዕን ህዝባውን ኣተሓሳስባ ንምትክኡ፡ ኣብ ኣእምሮ ሰባት ብዝሰርጽ ረቂቕ ቃልሲ እዩ ዝትግበር። ነዚ ለውጢ እዚ ከተዕውት ከምቲ ናይ ዓውዲ ውግእ ቅልጽምን ድፍረትን፡ ወይ ዘመናዊ ወተሃደራዊ ዕጥቂ ኣይኮነን ዘድሊ። ኣብዚ መዳይዚ እቲ ቀንዲ መዕወቲ መሳርሒ እምበኣር፡ ቅሩብነት፡ ተወፋይነት፡ ዘይስስዑነት፡ ርትዓውነትን ሕድገትን ዝሕመረቱ እሞ ካብ ገዛእ ርእስኻ ዝጅምር ተወፋይነት ዝሓትት እዩ። ኣብ ዝኾነ ኣጋጣሚ “ንገዛእ ርእሱ ነጻ ዘይኮነ ንካለኦት ነጻ ከውጽእ ኣይክእልን እዩ” ንብል ኢና። እዚ ሓቂ እዩ። “ኣብ ገዛእ ርእሱ ወይ ኣብቲ ዝዋሰኣሉ ፖለቲካዊ ትካል ናይ ኣተሓሳስባ ለውጢ ዘየረጋገጸ ኣካል፡ ናይ ለውጢ መሪሕ ወይ ሓይሊ ክኸውን ኣይክእል እዩ” ምባል እውን ቅኑዕ እዩ። ጸገም ክፍጠር እንከሎ፡ ኣብ ክንዲ ንነብስኻ ካብቲ ጸገም ኣርሒቕካ ናብ ካልኦት ከተላግቦ ምፍታን፡ ንገዛእ ርእስኻ ቅድም ኣካል ናይቲ ጸገም ኮይንካ ምፍታሽ፡ ደሓር ከዓ ፍታሕ ካብ ካልኦት እትጽበ ዘይኮነስ ኣካል ናይቲ ፍታሕ ኮይንካ ምውሳእ ኣዝዩ ኣድላዪ እዩ።

ኩልና ከም ዘይንዝገዖ ኣብዚ እዋን ንኤርትራዊ ፖለቲካዊ ኣተሓሳስባን ኣሰላልፍኡን ዝጸልውዎ ዝንባለታት ብዙሓት እዮም። ብዛዕባ ነፍሲ ወከፍ ናይቲ ጸላዊ ኣተሓሳስባ ፍልልያትን ኣሰላልፋኡን በዚ ኣጋጣሚ ምዝርዛሩን ብዛዕባ ነፍሲ ወከፉ ምዝራብን ስለ ዝሰፍሕ፡ ጃንዳ ህግደፍን ደንበ ተቓውሞን ጠቒሰ ጥራይ ክሓልፍ እየ። ኣብ መንጎ ክልቴና ኤርትራዊ ፖለቲካዊ ደንበታት ሓደ መፍለይ መስመር ኣሎ። ናይ እዚ መስመርዚ ቀንዲ መግለጺ ናይቶም ደደንበና ሒዝና ንጠማመት ዘለና ኣካላት ሰብእነት ዘይኮነስ ሐሒዝናዮ ዘለና ኣተሓሳስባ እዩ። ምስቲ ደቂ ሓንቲ ዜግነትን ሃገርን፡ ሰብ ናይ ሓባር ታሪኽን ምዃና ናይ መልክዕ ጥራይ ዘይኮነስ ኣብቲ ክልተ ደንበታት፡ ናይ ኣተሓሳስባ ምትሕውዋስ ከም ዘሎ ዝዝንጋዕ ኣይኮነን። ኣብቲ ሓደ ደንበ ናይቲ ካልእ ደንበ ጽልዋ ክህልው ባህርያዊ እዩ ንምባል ዝኣክል እዩ። ንኣብነት ኣብቲ ጉጅለ ህግደፍ ግዝኣተይ ኢሉ ኣጽኒዑ ሓጺሩ ዝሕልዎ ኤርትራዊ ክሊ ኮነ ፈቐዶ ከባቢ ማሕበረኮማተይ ዝብሎ እንዳተሸምረረ ዝኸይድ ዘሎ ውዳበታት፡ እቲ ዝበዝሕ ብኣካል እምበር ብኣተሓሳስባስ ኣካል እኳደኣ ወሳኒ ዓቕሚ ደንበ ተቓውሞ እዩ። ምናልባት እቲ ፍልልይ ናይ ልብኻ ኣግሂድካ ክትዛረብ ምኽኣልን ዘይምኽኣልን እዩ ዝኸውን። እዚ ኩነታት ስለ ዝፈርሕ ዓው ኢሉ ኣይዛረበሉ እምበር፡እዚ ኩነታት ካብ ጉጅለ ህግደፍ’ውን ዝተሰወረ ኣይኮነን።

ኣብ ደንበ ተቓውሞና ብዙሕ ጸገማት ኣለዉ። ካብዚ ጸገማት እቲ ቅድሚት ዝስራዕ ብሓባር ክንሰርሕ እንዳደለናን እንዳጨራሕናን ክንትግብሮ ዘይምኽኣልና እዩ። እቲ ቀንዲ ምኽንያት እንታይ ምዃኑ ምርድኡ ዘጸግሞም “ናይዚ ጸገማትና ጠንቂ፡ ብዙሓት ውድባት ምህላውና እዩ ዝብሉ” ኣካላት ኣለዉ። እንተኾነ ብዙሕነትና ንክህሉ እንቃለሰሉ ደሞክራሲያዊ መርኣያና እምበር ናይ ጸገማትና ጠንቂ ኣይኮነን። ናይ ሃገርና ምንኣስን ሓዳስ ምዃንን፡ ናይ ህዝብና ዋሕድን “ጸገምና ብዙሓት ውድባት ምህላውና እዩ” ንዝብል መረጋገጺ ክኸውን ኣይክእልን እዩ። ነዚ ስለ ዝርዳእ እዩ ሰደህኤ ኣብ ፖለቲካዊ መደብ ዕዮኡ ዓንቀጽ 10፡2፡6 “ዝተፈላለየ ህዝባዊ ውደባታት ክህሉ እናተባባዕና፡ ንህዝብና ዝጥርንፍ ሓባራዊ ጭረሖ ንክህሉ ክንቃለስ ኢና” ዝብል ሓሳብ ኣስፊሩ ዘሎ። ኣድላይነት ሓድነት ስለ ዝርደኣና ንምርግጋጹ ብዙሕ ጻዕርታት ኣካይድና ኢና። ታሪኽ ተቓውሞና ጥራይ ዘይኮነ ብዓብይኡ ታሪኽ ፖለቲካዊ ቃልስና፡ ታሪኽ ላዕልን ታሕትን ምእንቲ ሓድነት እዩ እንተተባህለ እውን ካብ ሓቂ ዝረሓቐ ኣይኮነን። እሞ ድማ ክሳብ ሕጂ ዘይተዓወተ። ሕቶ ሓድነት ክሳብ ክንድዚ ወሳኒ ካብ ኮነ ደኣ ስለምንታይ ዘይነዕውቶ? ዝብል ሕቶ ምልዓልና ኣገዳሲ እዩ። እቲ ሕቶ ጥራይ ዘይኮነ እቲ መልሲ እውን ኣብ ኢድና ዘሎ እምበር ካብ ካልእ ኣካል ዘይንጽበዮ ምዃኑ ከዓ ኣይንረስዕ። ነዚ ዝወሃብ መልሲ ከከም መላሲኡ፡ ሕድገት ስለ ዘይንገብር፡ ምጽውዋር ስለ ዘየብልና፡ ካብ በበይኑ ድሕረ-ባይታ ስለ ዝመጻእና፡ ጸቢብነት ስለ ዘጥቀዓና፡ ካብ ክውንነት ንቕበል ናይ ኒሕ እሱራት ስለ እንኸውን፡ ናይ ግዜ ዝሑል ውግእ ኣተሓሳስባ ግዳይ ስለ ዝኾና፡ ኣብ ክንዲ ሓቢርና ንተዓወት ዓወት ንሓዴና ጥራይ እያ ኢልና ስለ ንኣምን፡ ኣብ ክንዲ ናይቲ ጸገም ይኹን መፍትሒኡ ኣካል ንኸውን ነብስና ስለ እነግልል፡ ኣብ ክንዲ ናብ ኣተሓሳስባኦም ናብ ሰባት ስለ እነተኩር .. ወዘተ ዝብሉ ይርከብዎ። እዚታት መልሲ ኣይከውንን እዩ’ኳ እንተዘይተባህለ፡ እቲ ቀንዲ መልሱስ “ናይ ሓድነት ፈተነታትና ኣብ ናይ ኣተሓሳስባ ሓድነት ስለ ዘይምስረት እዩ” ብዝብል እዩ ዝጠቓለል ዝብል እምነት ኣለኒ።

ኣብ ውሽጢ ብዙሓት ዘይበሰሉ፡ ምናልባት እውን ዘይተላዕሉ ኣገደስቲ ዛዕባታት ሓቢእካ፡ ንግዝያዊ መፈከሪ ኢልካ፡ ብደጊኡ ናይ ሓሶት ካባ ሓድነት ኣልቢስካ ምቅርራብ፡ ብዙሕ ከይሰጐመ ጸሓይ ከም ዝወቐዖ በረድ መኺኹ ከም ዝፈስስ ተመኩሮታትና ኣርእዩና እዩ። ከምቲ “ተሓቢአን ይጠንሰኦ’ሞ ሰብ ኣኪበን ይሓርሰኦ” ዝበሃል፡ ወዮ ንሓቂ ሓቢኡ ኣብ ዘይጥጡሕ ባይታን ቃለዓለማዊ ኣተሓሳስባን ንግዝያዊ ሃልኪ፡ ዝነቐለ ምቅርራብ ክፈርስ እንከሎ፡ ዝያዳ ዝጐድኦ ነቶም ተዋሳእቱ እዩ። ናይዚ በሰላ ቀልጢፉ ዘይሓውን ንቐጻሊ ቃልሲ ምእንቲ ሓድነት ንድሕሪት ዝመልስን ምዃኑ ከዓ እቲ ካልእ ሃስያኡ እዩ።

ግደ ኣተሓሳስባ ከምቲ ናይ ለውጢ ሓያልነቱ፡ ምርግጋጹ እውን ግዜ ዝበልዕ መሪርን ቀጻልን ቃልሲ ዝሓትት እዩ። እዚ ናይ ኣተሓሳስባ ልዕልነትቃልሲ ኣብቲ መስርሕ ብውሽጣውን ግዳማውን ምዕብልናታት ዝጽሎ ስለ ዝኾነ፡ ነዚ ምዕብልናታት እንዳተኸታተልካ፡ ኣብቲ ሓንሳብ ዝሓዝካዮ መንገዲ ከይደረቕካ፡ ነቲ ዝዕንቅፍ እንዳወገድካ ዝኽየድ ናይ ክብል ለጠቕ ጉዕዞ ስለ ዝኾነ፡ ንምዕዋቱ ዝሓቶ ፖለቲካዊ ውሕልነትን ትብዓትን ቀሊል ኣይኮነን። ነዚ ጸዋር ውሕልነት ዝሓትት ፖለቲካዊ ጉዕዞ ናብ ምርግጋጽ ልዕልና ቅኑዕ ኣተሓሳስባ፡ ኣብዘየብጻሕካዮ፡ እቲ ጸገም ኣብቲ ዝመረጽካዮ ኣገባብ ውደባ መሲሉካ፡ ከምዚ ሓሓሊፉ ክንጸባረቕ ንርእዮ ዘለና፡ ናብ ካልእ ሸነኻዊ ኣወዳድባ ሃንደፍደፍ ምባል ከዓ ክሳራኡ ቀሊል ኣይኮነን’ሞ ከሎ ጋና ምስትብሃል ይሓትት።

1 ለካቲት 2015

Friday, 30 January 2015 23:01 Written by  Martin Plaut 

This is a summary of an important debate in the House of Lords last night, which was held at a critical moment. Critical for three reasons:

1. The scale of the suffering by the tens of thousands fleeing Eritrea demands action: they cannot be treated as “economic migrants.”
2. The UN special rapporteur on human rights in Eritrea, Ms. Sheila B. Keetharuth, is about to visit the UK to collect evidence.
3. Ethiopia is due to hold an election in May and international scrutiny of this is vital.

The full version of the debate can befound here.

What was impressive was that many of the speakers could draw on personal experience of both countries: Baroness Kinnock (Glenys Kinnock) recalled her visit to Eritrea, as did Lord Dubs (Alf Dubs) and Lord Avebury. Lord Rea remembered meeting Petros Solomon (one of those who has been jailed by the Eritrean government for the last 13 years). They also drew on their experiences during the debate.

Two flaws

Overall this was an important and well-informed debate. But there were two flaws.

Firstly, the government was not prepared to be frank about how the Khartoum Process would work. No details were really given of what it would mean or how British policy would change as a result of it.

Secondly, it is clear that if the Eritrean regime really reduces its conscription to 18 months, then far fewer Eritreans are likely to  be given refugee status in the UK. It is because of the fear of returning to Eritrean after Eritreans have fled from conscription that has been the reason most refugee cases have been accepted. As the minister said: “That is why some of the figures of asylum grants by us to Eritreans look so high, because clearly there has been concern about them returning to that country given their reasons for leaving.”

Martin

Ethiopia

Most attention was paid to Eritrea, but there were important points made about Ethiopia, which I will deal with first.

1. Baroness Kinnock (Glenys Kinnock – Labour and former development minister) criticised both regimes. “Both Eritrea and Ethiopia have a Marxist-Leninist heritage. Ethiopia is still effectively controlled by the Tigrayan People’s Liberation Front, through a system of ethnic federalism. Although there has been some improvement we have to ask how it can be that, at the 2010 election, the EPRDF won 90% of the vote.”
2. Lord Dubs (Labour) raised the question of freedom of speech in Ethiopia, in the context of the coming election. “Human Rights Watch said last week that 22 journalists, bloggers and publishers were charged with criminal offences in the past year, Six independent publications were intimidated and closed, with dozens of staff forced into exile. Three owners of publications also fled abroad to escape false charges that led to sentences of three years in prison in absentia. Six members of Zone 9, a bloggers’ collective, were charged under the counterterrorism laws and have been in custody for 274 days, sending a chilling message to online activists. Can the Government not make representations to Prime Minister Desalegn to relax the stringent controls on freedom of expression so that Ethiopians can have a genuine election in May?”
3. Lord Avebury (Liberal Democrat) also called on Ethiopia to resolve its border dispute with Eritrea, and to abide by the Algiers Agreement by accepting the Border Commission’s findings. “Both countries had agreed to accept the commission’s decision as final, but when the details were published in April 2002, Ethiopia found one excuse after another to dispute the findings… The Ethiopians unlawfully occupied territory all along the border that should have been demilitarised under the settlement, and Eritrea has been forced to maintain large armed forces as a precaution against further military attacks by its bullying neighbour.”

Eritrea

The criticism of Eritrea during the debate was even stronger than of Ethiopia.

1. Baroness Morgan (Labour spokeswoman in the House of Lords on Foreign Affairs) made this important point: “What is driving this mass exodus, which includes not just women and children but thousands of unaccompanied minors? The simple answer is that neither Ethiopia nor Eritrea is a functioning democracy. Although both Ethiopia and Eritrea are suffering real problems, there is more scope to influence activities in Ethiopia. In the past, there seems to have been a modicum of free speech and a free press in Ethiopia, although the Government’s intolerance of dissent seems to be increasing significantly in the face of general elections in May. There have been large-scale arrests of protesters and a crackdown on opposition opponents. This is particularly true in the Oromo region, where at least 5,000 people have been arrested as a result of their opposition to the ruling party. But if we think that the situation is bad in Ethiopia, it is truly catastrophic in Eritrea, where all freedoms were suppressed in September 2001. There is no religious freedom, as the right reverend Prelate underlined, no political pluralism, and no independent press in the nation. The forced and interminable military service to fight the unending border war with the neighbours in Ethiopia is clearly a real problem that is driving people from the country.”
2. Baroness Kinnock described Eritrea in these terms: “The cruelty, tyranny and oppression of Isaias Afewerki and his regime know no bounds. Eritrea is isolated politically, regionally and internationally and it is under UN sanctions because of its alleged support for al-Shabaab in Somalia. The country is often described as Africa’s North Korea. All rights and freedoms are denied. There is no religious freedom or political pluralism, and no freedom of the media or of speech.”
3. Baroness Kinnock went on to ask what the aim of the British government was in visiting Asmara and follow an apparent willingness from the European Union to have a “new beginning with Eritrea”. “ Does the Minister agree with the suggestion made by some European Governments that it is necessary now to offer additional support and engagement to Eritrea, arguing that additional aid will lead to more openness and to change? Surely there can be no “new beginning”, as has been suggested, with this regime. As history proves, concessions to regimes such as Eritrea will achieve absolutely nothing. I ask the Minister to give some detail on the apparent willingness of the UK to have discussions with the Eritrean regime on, “drivers of irregular migration and ways to mitigate it, asylum and returns, and potential areas for joint co-operation”. [Official Report, 6/1/15; col. WA 136.] What exactly does that mean? Will the UK delay any response on refugee policy until the UN commission of inquiry issues its report on the subject? European Governments should not make major Eritrean policy changes until they see the inquiry findings. Let us see if Eritrea is prepared to co-operate with the UN commission of inquiry before taking any hasty decisions. Now there are signs of unbelievable courage and determination in Eritrea on challenging Isaias Afewerki. The people are aware of the dangers of open protest, but we have to ask just how long they—and he—can hold on. We must urge the EU and others to make sure that the UN commission is given clear and urgent access. Isaias Afewerki’s agreement to co-operate would be the first test of whether he is ready to accept change. Whatever happens, if there is negotiation, the European Union and member states must not make quick concessions but use any momentum to ensure that there can be—and will be—fundamental change. The release of Dawit Isaak would be a welcome and symbolic victory.”
4. Baroness Kinnock made the point that most Eritreans arriving in Europe should be considered as refugees, not ‘economic migrants’. “My final point relates to what are routinely called “irregular migrants”. These people arrive in Calais having endured a terrifying journey and are then treated as if they are economic migrants. This is clearly not what persuades them that they must leave Eritrea. Many other African countries are just as poor as Eritrea, but their citizens do not come to Europe in their thousands, as they do from Eritrea now. Will the UK argue for their right to stay and ensure that they are treated as refugees?”

Government policy

Replying to the debate for the government minister, Baroness Anelay (Conservative) accepted some of the points raised, but was naturally more cautious in what she had to say.

1. UN Eritrea Monitoring Group: “I understand that Eritrea denies any support for al-Shabaab but continues to refuse entry to the monitoring group. We urge it to co-operate fully with the group’s work. I am entirely at one with the noble Lord in this matter.”
2. EU-African Union Khartoum process, designed to tackle people smuggling and human trafficking. “We welcome the fact that both Ethiopia and Eritrea have expressed commitment to the Khartoum process. It provides the best framework to drive this issue forward. Noble Lords have drawn attention to the tension between Ethiopia and Eritrea. I would say to them that if they are taking the Khartoum process seriously, they have to take negotiation on the basis of solving the differences between them seriously too. As a member of the core group of EU and AU member states steering the development of how we take this process forward, we as a country are keen to ensure that we maintain momentum and that the process leads quickly to concrete projects that combat the smuggling and trafficking.”
3. Eritrean conscription: “Having left and broken the rules on conscription, people are—I cannot think of the right word—terrified to return. That is why some of the figures of asylum grants by us to Eritreans look so high, because clearly there has been concern about them returning to that country given their reasons for leaving.”
4. The UK official’s visit to Eritrea in December 2014: “They looked at the drivers of migration and particularly discussed the matter of extended military service. I can say to my noble friend Lord Chidgey that this was a useful starting point for further co-operation. A similar visit to Ethiopia is planned for the near future. With regard the visit to Eritrea, the Eritrean Government representatives assured the officials from the FCO that military service will be strictly limited to 18 months and, indeed, I have been briefed by those officials today. The undertaking has been given. It is matter now of making sure that that is put into practice.”
5. The Algiers Agreement:Pushed by Lord Avebury, the minister said: “My Lords, international agreements, once entered into, should be adhered to”
6. Human Rights:There are human rights abuses across the board. The right reverend Prelate raised the issue of religious freedom. We will continue to look very carefully at the matters he raised because, clearly, those are abuses that have occurred and, as he rightly says, particularly against groups that are not registered under the Eritrean system. There was a reference to the detention of political prisoners and journalists. We certainly try to establish the facts. There are still journalists in detention despite reports that six have been released. There was a reference to the Swedish-Eritrean journalist Dawit Isaak, who is still under arrest. With regard to all these matters, we do not give up. Just because it is difficult, we do not give up in pursuing our relationship with these two countries. Walking away would leave those who are the victims of persecution and misbehaviour by Governments in a more perilous position than they currently face. The commitment of this Government is that this is a challenge that requires a global, long-term response to a difficult problem. We will all keep trying to ensure that, as an international community, we do our best to tackle it for the sake of those behind the traffickers and behind Governments who do not have good governance.

 Source=https://martinplaut.wordpress.com/2015/01/28/important-eritrea-ethiopia-debate-in-the-british-parliament/

ጽማቕ ናይ ዕለት 24-01-015 ብዶር. ኣደነ ገብረመስቀል ዝተካየደ መደረ ኣብ ፓል ሓርነት፡-

ሓው ኣዳነ ኣብቲ ብዛዕብኡ ክምድር ተዳልዩሉ ዝነበረ ኣርእስቲ ማለት ‘’ ግዝኣተ-ሕግን ቅዋማዊ ምሕደራ ኣብ ኤርትራ ‘’ ዝብል ኣርእስቲ ቅድሚ ምእታዉ ነቲ ኣቐዲሙ ብሓው ተስፍኣለም ተዋሂቡ ዝነበረ መግለጺ ብዛዕባ እንታይ ማለት ኢዩ ዲሞክራስን? ኣየኖት ኢዮምከ ዓንድታት ዲሞክራሲን? ብሰፊሑ ከምዝተገልጸን ኣብዚ ገዛ ከኣ እኹል ምይይጥ ስለዝተገብረሉ እዚ ዓይነት ልዝባት ክቕጽልን ምሉእ ኣፍልጦ ንኽህልወና ኣብ ዝተፈላለየ እዋናት ነዛ እንደልያ ዲሞክራሲያዊት ሃገርን ድልዱል ሓድነት ህዝቢ ክህልዋ ዝግባእን፣ ልኡላውነታ ዘረጋገጸት ክትክውን ብፍላይ ከኣ ቅዋምን ግዝኣተ-ሕግን ዝነገሳ ንምግባር ፍልጠትና ክዓብን ቅሩባት ክንከውን ምይይጥና ቀጻሊ ክኸውን ኢዩ።

ከምቲ ኣቐዲመ ዝሓበርክዎ ሓው ተስፋኣለም ክገልጽ ከሎ እንታይ ማለት ኢዩ ዲሞክራሲ፡ ንዝብል ከም ቃል ካብ ግሪኽ ዝመንጨወ ኮይኑ፡ ዲሞክራሲ ማለት ስልጣን ናይ ህዝቢ ኢዩ። ነዚ ናይ ህዝቢ ስልጣን ንምርቃቕን ብግቡእ ክመሓደር ምእንቲ ግዝኣተ ሕጊ ወይ ሕገ መንግስቲ ይሃንጽ። HANS KELSEEN ንሕጋውነት ክገልጻ ከሎ ከምዚ ይብል’’ እቲ ናይ እወንታዊ ሕጊ ዝለዓለ ጽፍሒ ቅዋም ኢዩ። ሓፈሻዊ ሕግታት ንምጥርናፍን ስርዓቱ ንምምድብን ቀንዲ ሓላፍነቱ ኢዩ።ሓፈሻዊ ሕግታት ተኣኪቡ ሕጋገ ይበሃል። ሕግታት ክሕገግ ከሎ ትሕዝትኡ ዝምድብን ዘፍቅድን ዝእግድን ነገራት ዝውስንን ቅዋም ኢዩ ይብል።   እዚ ከም ስነ-ሓሳብ መሳርሒ ዜጋታት ካብ መግዛእታዊ ስነሓሳብ ናጻ ወጺኦም በብክእለቶምን ሓቢርካ ንኽትምዕብልን ፍልጠት ክትድልብን ቁጠባዊ መነባብሮኻ ክተመሓይሽን ማሕበራዊ ኣነባብራኻ ክተመዓራርይን ጥርኑፍን አርኑብን ምሐደራ ምእንቲ ክህልወካ ባዕልኻ ዘውጻእካዮ ሕግን ስርዓተ ምሕደራ ክህልውና እዚ እንገብሮ ዘለና ጻዕሪ ምይይጥን ሓቢርካ እትቃለሰሉ ባይታ ኣብ ምብቃዕ ምስክር ኢዩ። እዚ ከኣ ኩሉ ዜጋን ሓይልታትን ደለይቲ ፍትሒ ኣብ ምህናጽ ዝሰመረ ራኢን፡ ልኡላውነት ሃገርን ሓድነት ህዝብን፡ መተካእታ ማሕበራዊ ቁጠባዊ ፖለቲካዊ ጉዕዞ ኤርትራ በቲ ዲሞክራሲያውን ምዕሩይ ኣገባብ ቃልሲ ብዘተን ሓባራዊ ስርሓን እናኣማለአ ዕለት ዕለት ክእ ፍልጠቱ ንቕሓቱ ከማዕብል ከይተሓለለ ክጽዕር ይግባእ። እዚ ኣበሃህላ ሓው ተስፋኣለም ነዚ ሎሚ ሕጽር ዝበለ መግለጺ መእተዊ ጥራይ ዘይኮነስ ነቲ ንክለተ መዓልቲ ዝወሰደ ሰሚናር መዘከርታ ክጠቕመና እውን ይኽእል።

እምበኣርከስ ካብ ዝሓለፈ ዝረአናዮ (CONSTITUTION) ቅዋም ማለት ሃገር ወይ ሕብረተሰብ ተኣርኒቡ ዝቐመሉ ኣገባብ የስምዕ። መብዛሕትኡ ቅዋማት (ሕገ-መንግስቲ) ካብ ኩሉ ዝለዓለ ሕጊ ናይታ ሃገር ከም ዝኾነ ብግልጺ ወይ ብምእማት ይንገር። ግናኸ ልዕሊ ኩሉን ቅድሚ ኩሉን ኢዩ ምባል ጥራይ፡ እዚ ቅዱስ ሕገ-መንግስቲ እዚ ቅኑዕን ምስ ሕጊ ዝሰማማዕን ምኻኑ ዘረጋግጽ ዋሕስ ኣይክውንን ኢዩ። WALTER F. MURPHY ከም ዝበሎ’’ ሓደ ሃገር ነቲ ቅዋም ኢሉ ዝጽውዖ ኣብ ኩሉ ፖለቲካዊ ተበግሶ ዝለዓለ ኢዩ ከኣ ዝበሃል ጽሑፋት፡ ዝጽብጸብን እተጋነነን መደረ ካብ ምኻን ሓሊፉ ባዕሉ መረጋገጺ ኣይኮነን።’’ ስለዚ፡ ሓደ ቅዋም ኣብ ወረቐት ጥራይ ዘይኮነስ ኣብ ተግባር እውን ስልጣን ኣለዎ ምእንቲ ክበህል ብጀካ ግኑን መድረ ናይ ሓቂ ስልጣን ክህልዎ ይግባእ። እዚ ክእ ሃገርን ህዝብን ትሓሪምዎን ትንፊግዎን ዘሎ ምኻኑ ናይ መታለሊን ኣደናጋርን ስርዓተ ኢሳያስ ዝገበሮ ብዘይ ሕፍረት ነቲ ኣብ ጉዕዞ ምትርጋም ኢና ዘለና ዝብልዎ ዝነበሩ ሎሚ ከይተወልደ ዝሞተ ክብል ዘስምዖ መደረ ናይ ኣደባባይ መካትዒ ኮይኑ እንሰምዖ ዘለና ኢዩ። ብመሰረቱ ቅዋም ኣይመውትን ኢዩ፡ ምስ ምዕባሌ ህዝብታቱ ክምሓየሽ ይኽእል ኢዩ። ግንከ ህዝቢ ፈጺሙ ስለዘይነድፍ ምስኡ እናወደቐን ተንሰኤን ዝጋዓዞ መስርሕ ኢዩ። ሰብ ከም ሰብ ሓላፊ ኢዩ። ሃገርን ደቂ- ሃገርን ግን ቀጸልቲ ኢዮም።

ኣብ ኣርእስትና ብምምላስ ሓድ ቅዋም ከም ዓንዲ ሕቐ ኮይኑ መሰረታዊ ስርዓታት ዝውሰኾ ቅርጺ ኢዩ ክበሃል ይከኣል። ቅዋም ሕጋዊ ወረቐት ወይ ሰነድ ኢዩ። ኣብ ልደት ሓንቲ ሃገር እተፈጥረ ቅዋም ዓወትን ሃረርታን ህዝቢ ኢዩ ዝገልጽ። ዝመጽእ ዝመናቱ ብሩህ ከምዝኸውን ድማ ይሕብር። እታ ሃገር ንሃረርታ ህዝቢ እንተጠለመት ግና ልክዕ ከምቲ ውልቀ መላኺ ዝገብሮ፣ ህዝቢ ነቲ ዝቖመ መንግስቲ ወይ ንስልጣን ሕግን ፍትሕን ከም ዝንዕቕ ዝገብሮ መንፈስ ክለዓል ይከኣል። እዚ እውን ህዝብና ዘርእዮ ዘሎ ባህርያት ኢዩ። ስለዚ ንሕና ክንገብሮ ዘለና ንህዝብና ሓያልን ፍልጠቱ ዘማዕበለን ካብ ቅዋም እተዋህቦ መሰላት ሓላዊ ንምግባር ኢዩ።

ልኡላውነት ቅዋም፡ ‘ልዕሊ ኩሉ ምኻን ወይ ኩሉ ዝለዓለ ደረጃ ስልጣን፡ ልዑል ምልኪ ተባሂሉ ይትርጎም። ስለዚ ቅዋም ናይታ ሃገር ካብ ኩሉ ዝለዓለ ሕጊ ምስ ዝኸውን ነቲ ዝተኽሎ ዓንዲ ዝኾነ ዝምድናታትን መሰረታዊ መሰላትን ባዕሉ ይሕልዎ። ኣብ ርእሲኡ ነቲ ሕጋዊ መእረምታ ዝገብር ስርዓት ብምቓም፡ ኣብያተ ፍርዲ፡ ብስልጣኑን፡ ንሕግታትን ንተግባር መንግስትን ‘ኣንጻር ቅዋም’ ኢለን ክብይና ከምዝኽእላ ምግባር ኢዩ።

ልዕልነት ቅዋም ኣብቲ ‘’ መንግስቲ ሕጊ (ግዝኣተ ሕጊ) ዝብል መትከል እተጠርነፈ ከም ዝኾነ ኣህጉራዊ ልምዲ ይሰርዕ ‘መንግስቲ ሕጊ ወይ ልዑላውነት ሕጊ ዝእዝዞ፣ ሕጋዊ ውሳኔታት፡ ኣብ ፍሉጥ መትከላትን ሕግታትን ብምጽጋዕ ከምኡ እውን ናጻ ርእይቶ ዝተሓወሶ ክኸውን ይግባእ። ፕሮፍሶር Moor ብዛዕብ ‘’መንግስቲ ሕጊ ’ ከምዚ ይብል፡- ቀንዲ ኣገዳሲ ትርጉሙ፣ መንግስቲ እቲ ዝመደቦ ነገራት ኣብ ፍቓድ ህዝቢ እተሰረተ ክኸውን፡ ኣብ ልዕሊ ህዝቢ ብመንግስቲ ጭቆና ከይግበር ዝኽልክል መሰረታዊ መሰላትን ሓርነትን ዝሕሉ ኣብ ቅድሚ ናጻ ዝኾነ ሕጋዊ ቤት ፍርዲ ክቐርብ ዝኽእል መዋቐርን ስርዓታትን ገይሩ ክዓዪ ይግበኦ። እዚ መትከል ውሳኔታት ብኢደ ወነና ዘይሕጋዊ ትእዛዝ ብፖለቲካዊ ጠቕሚ ብናይ ብሕቲ ረብሓ ምእንቲ ከይግበር ዝሕሉ ኢዩ።

ጥቅሲ ፕሮፈሶር MOORE ብዛዕባ ‘መንግስቲ’ ሓሙሽተ ሓሳባት ይህብ፡-

-መንግስቲ ናይ ህዝቢ ብህዝቢ ብህዝቢ

-ምፍላይ መዝታት፡ ቁጽጽርን ሚዛንን

-ናይ ህዝቢ ዲሞክራሲ መንግስቲ ኣብ ልዕሊ ዜጋ ዘለዎ ስልጣን ዝውስን ስርዓት (ምሕላው ሕርነትን ክብርን ሰብ)

-ደረት ዘለዎ መንግስትን (ፈደራላዊት) ዘይምእኩል ምሕደራ

-ብዛዕባ ሕገ-መንግስቲ ኣተጋባብራኡ ዘርኢ ናጻ ቤት ፍርዲ

ህዝቢ በዓል ምሉእ ስልጣን ኢዩ ዝብል መትከል ብኣህጉራዊ ልምድታት ከም UNHCR ዝበሉ ቅቡል ዝኾነ መትከል ኢዩ። ቅድሚ ሓያሎ ዘበናት እውን ፍላስፋታትን ልቃውንትን ፖለቲካን፡ መንግስቲ ናይ ህዝቢ ምኻኑ ተዛሪቦምሉ ኢዮም። ከም ጸብጻብ ናይ መበል 357 ኣኼባ HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITTEE ተገሊጹ ዘሎ። ‘’ ኣብ ዝኾነ ይኹን ኩነታት ፖሊቲካዊ ስልጣን ናይ ህዝቢ ኢዩ። ሰበ- ስልጣን መንግስቲ ናይ ህዝቢ ወዳእቲ ነገር ጥራይ ኢዮም። ስለዚ ጸብጻቦም ናብ ህዝቢ ከቕርቡ ይግበኦም።’’

ልዕልነት ቅዋም ንምርግጋጽ፡ ብቐጥታ እካ እንተዘይኮነ፡ እቲ ዝለዓለ ስልጣን ናይ ህዝቢ ምኻኑ ብጋህዲ ምእዋጅ ኢዩ። መብዛሕትኡ ዲሞክራሲ ቅዋም ስልጣን ንህዝቢ ይህቦ፡ እዚ ከኣ ሕገ-መንግስቲ ሕጋውነቱ ካብ ህዝቢ ይርከቦ እምበር ካብ ፕረሲደንት ወይ ካብ ሓጋጊ ባይቶ ወይ ካብ ንጉስ ከምዘይኮነ ይሕብር። ከምዚ ዝበለ ምርግጋጽ ዓቢ ግደ ዘለዎ ኢዩ። ምኽንያቱ መንግስቲ ኣብ ልዕሊ ቅዋም ዝገብሮ ዝኾነ ይኹን ንዕቀት ከምዚ ውልቀ መላኺ ኢሳያስ ዝገብሮ ንስልጣን ህዝቢ ምዕምጻጽ ገበን ኣብ ርእሲ ህዝቢ ምፍጻም ማለት ኢዩ።

እቲ ካስብ ሕጂ ዝተገልጸ ብዛዕባ ቅዋም ምስኡ ተኣሳሲሩ ግዝኣተ ሕጊ ንምብራህ ኮይኑ ብሓጺሩ ንምጽማቕ ዝኣክል፡-

ሀ- ቅዋም ልዕሊ ኩኩ ዝኾነ ሕጊ ሃገር ኢዩ ኢልካ ምእዋጅ።

ለ- ስልጣን ብምልኡ ናይ ህዝቢ ከም ዝኾነ ምእዋጅ

ሐ- መአረምታ ቅዋም ንምፍጻም ጽንዕ ዝበለ ስርዓትን ኣገባብን ከም ዝህሉ ምግባር።

መ- ባይቶ ኮነ መንግስቲ ንዝፍጽሞ ተግባራት ‘ኣንጻር ቅዋም’’ ኢዩ ክትብል ዘኽእል ስልጣን ምትካል።

ናይ መንግስቲ ኮነ ናይ ባይቶ ሕግታትን ፍጻሜታትን ዝምርምር ስልጣን ናጻ ቤት ፍርዲ ኢዩ። ሓያሎ ሃገራት ግና ንበይኑ ዝኾነ ካልእ ኣገባብ ኣለወን። ከም ደንማርክ፡ ነዘርላንድ፡ ሽውደን ዝኣመሰላ ሃገራት ንትግባረ መንግስቲ (ማለት ንፈጻሚ) ጥራይ እየን ብፍርዲ ቅዋማዊ ምኳኑክምርምራ ዝኽእላ። ባይቶ (ማለት ሓጋጊ ኣካል) ዝገብሮ ግና ካብ ምርመራ ፍርዲ ናጻ ኢዩ። እቲ ‘ዘይጽሑፍ’ ተባሂሉ ዝጽዋዕ ናይ ብሪጣንያ ሕገ-መንግስቲ፡ ኣብያተ ፍርዲ ንሕግታት ‘’ ኣንጻር ቅዋም ኢዩ’’ ክብላ ስልጣን ኣይህበንን ኢዩ። ናይ ሕቡራት መንግስታት ኣመሪካ ቅዋም ብዛዕባ ፍርዳዊ መርመራ ኣይገልጽን ኢዩ። ድሕሪ ነዊሕ ግዜ ግና ኣካል ናይቲ ቅዋም ኮይኑ ኣሎ። ኣብዚ ሓዲሽ ዘበናት እዚ ንተግባር ባይቶን መንግስትን ብመርመራ ፍርዲ “ሕጋዊ ኣይኮነን” ክብል ዝኽእል ስልጣን ኣብ ቅዋም ብንጹር ተዋሂቡ ኣሎ። (ከም ኣብ ፍሊፕን፡ ኤስያ፡ ታይላንድ፣ጃፓን፣ኢጣልያ..) እቲ ምስ እዚ ክዓብን ክከላኸልን ዘለዎ ህዝቢ ብናጻ ሲቪካዊ ማሕበራት፡ ሚድያን ከምኡ ዝኣመሰለ በርጌሳውያንን ማሕበራት ብንቕሓት ብህዝቢ ንዝጸደቐ ቅዋም ምክትታል ዓቢ ግደ ኣለዎም።

ቅዋም ክበሃል ከሎ ነባሪ ዝበሃል ነገር ከም ዘየልቦ ክዝከር ይግባእ። ቅዋም እውን ይልወጥ ኢዩ። ኣለዋውጣኡ ግና ብቐሊል መገዲ ክኸውን ኣይግባእን። MERBEC ነዚ ዓሚቕ ሓሳብ እዚ ብፍኹስ ዝበለ ኣበሃህላ ገሊጽዎ ኣሎ። “ቅዋም ከምቲ ብግዜን ኩነታትን ዘይብሕጎግ ኣኻውሕ ጂብራልታርኣይኮነን። በቲ ሓደ ወገን ድማ፡ ቅዋም ሑጻ ደንደስ ባሕሪ ማዕበል በብቕሩብ ዝወስዶ እውን ኣይኮነን። ቅዋም ከም ሓደ ዘንሳፍፍ ጋራጅ መራኽብ ክመስል ይኽእል። ምስ መሬት ብቐይዲ ተታሒዙ ኩሉ ምስ ማዕበለ ግዜን ኩነታት ይድይብን ይወርድን።’’ ቅዋም ናይ ገሊኤን ሃገራት ኣዚዩዘገድስወይ ዘይትንከፍ ዓንቀጻት ኣለወን። ብፍላይ ኣብዘን ዓንቀጻት እዚኣተን መአረምታ ከይግበር ብጋህዲ ይገልጻ። ስለዚ ቅዋም ብስልጣኑ ዘይእረም ክፍልታት ይሕዝ ኢዩ።

ኣብ ኣፍሪቃ እውን ብዙሓት ሃገራት ኣለዋ ብቅዋም ዝመሓደራ። ገሊኤን ህዝባዊ ቅዋም ዝሓዘላን ናይ ለውጢ ጉዕዞን ዲሞክራሲያዊ ባህርን ኣገባብን ብምጥቃም ኣብ ጎደና ምዕባሌ ዝርከባ ኮይነን ገሊኤን ግን ንሽሙ ቅዋም ሃልይወን ብኡኡዘይቅየዳ ኢየን። እቲ ዝገርም ከኣ ኣብ ውዕል ሕቡራት ኣፍሪቃ ኩለን እተን ኣብዚ ማሕበር ዝካፈላ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ቅዋም ክህልወንን ህዝቢ ኣብ ናይ ግዝኣተ ሕጊ ተሳታፊ ክኸው ኢዩ ዝጠልብ። እቲ ሕጂ ዘሎ ግን ኣብ መብዛሕትኤን ዘገምታዊ ጉዕዞ ሒዘን ክጓዓዛ ከለዋ ገሊኤን ከኣ ናጻ ዓይነት ቅዋማዊ ስርዓት ዘርእያ እውን ውሑዳት ኣይኮናን። ብወገና ነዚ ዓብላሊ--ገባቲ ነጻጊ -ኣግላሊ ዝኾነ ስርዓት ካብ ሱሩ ምሒና ዲሞክራሲን-ልኡላውነትን- ሓድነትን- ግዝኣተ ሕግን ክነስፍን ከይሰንከልና ብቅዋምን ግዝኣተ ሕግን ክንመሃሃርን ክንመያየጥን ኮታ እኹል ኣፍልጦ ክህልወና ንመላእ ዜጋታትና ወይ ከኣ ህዝብና ከነመሓላልፎ ጻዕሪ ከድልየና ኢዩ። ስለዚ ናይ ሎሚ መደረና ወይ ምይይጥና ብዛዕባ ቅዋም ኣብዚ ብምድምዳም፡ ብዛዕባ ክፍሊ ስልጣን መንግስቲ ከኣ ኣብ ዝመጽእ ክንዘራረበሉ ምእንቲ ባይታ ንገዛ ይገድፎ ክብል መደርኡ ደምደመ። ካብ ገዛ እውን ኣገደስቲ ሕቶታን መብርሂታትን ይወሃብ ኣብ ዝነበረሉ ፓልቶክ ስለ ዝተበላሸወ ንዝመጽእ ካብቲ ዝተቋረጸሉ ብምጅማር ክንቅጽል ምኻና ተረዳእና ተፋኒና።

ምምሕዳር ፓል ሓርነት