Bosses of the trafficking operation that smuggles refugees through Libya have now been officially named by the United Nations. They are on a planned sanctions list, which was proposed by the Dutch government.
Among the six on the proposed blacklist are:
- Ermias Ghermay of Eritrea, described as a leader of a network responsible for "trafficking and smuggling tens of thousands of migrants" from the Horn of Africa to the coast of Libya and onwards to Europe and the United States, according to the sanctions request obtained by AFP. [See below]
- Fitiwi Abdelrazak of Eritrea
- Libyan militia leader Ahmad Oumar al-Dabbashi
- Libyan Musab Abu-Qarin, described as a "central actor" in migrant smuggling in the coastal area of Sabratha
- Libyan Mohammed Kachlaf, head of the Shuhada al Nasr brigade in Zawiya, western Libya
- Abd al Rahman al-Milad, who heads the Libyan coast guard in Zawiya.
Their operations were previously flagged up by Mirjam van Reisen and Munyaradzi Mawere in their pathbreaking book: 'Human Trafficking and Trauma in the Digital Era: the Ongoing Tragedy of the Trade in Refugees from Eritrea" (2017)
This book identified key Eritrean nationals at the top of the human trafficking networks through the Central Mediterranean Route.
The book explains the connection of trafficking networks with the Eritrean military in the country's dictatorship. It highlights the role of General Manjus who was in charge of border control and has been identified many times as the facilitator of the smuggling routes used to flee Eritrea. These facilitators are profiting of smuggling of people while maintaining a shoot-to-kill policy at the border.
Two of the traffickers described by the UN Security Council were identified as organisers of the trafficking route through Sudan and Libya. The book emphasises the need to combat trafficking from the top down by tackling the organisations behind it and ending the impunity of the most senior officials and operators.
UN weighs first-ever sanctions on Libya migrant smugglers
05/21/2018
A group of migrants wait to be transferred from the Spanish war ship Santa Maria to a ship run by a non-governmental organization.
The sanctions blacklist was presented on May 1 and Russia put a hold on the request a week later
The UN Security Council is considering imposing the first-ever sanctions on migrant smugglers in Libya, targeting six leaders of trafficking rings, but Russia has requested more information, documents obtained by AFPon Monday showed.
US Ambassador Nikki Haley told a council meeting on Libya that "there is strong regional support for these designations and the evidence showing the involvement of the six people is clear."
"Failing to move forward would be a travesty," she added.
Presented by the Netherlands, the proposed sanctions blacklist includes two Eritrean nationals described as top operators in transnational smuggling networks and four Libyans including a the head of a regional coast guard unit.
The six individuals would face a global travel ban and assets freeze if the council agrees to blacklist them. France, Germany, Britain and the United States support the Dutch sanctions request.
Russia however told the council's sanctions committee that "we need more information to better understand the value of the said proposal, how efficient it might be if approved", according to a letter obtained by AFP.
Russia called for a committee meeting to examine the evidence on the involvement of the six individuals and noted that the criminal networks "stretch to many European countries and the United States."
The sanctions blacklist was presented on May 1 and Russia put a hold on the request a week later.
- Smuggling of tens of thousands of migrants -
Libya has long been a transit hub for migrants, but smugglers have stepped up their lucrative business in the years that followed the 2011 ouster of Moamer Kadhafi.
The fate of migrants has come under UN scrutiny since film footage emerged last year of Africans auctioned off as slaves in Libya, drawing outrage from African governments.
Among the six on the proposed blacklist is Ermias Ghermay of Eritrea, described as a leader of a network responsible for "trafficking and smuggling tens of thousands of migrants" from the Horn of Africa to the coast of Libya and onwards to Europe and the United States, according to the sanctions request obtained by AFP.
The other five are Fitiwi Abdelrazak of Eritrea, Libyan militia leader Ahmad Oumar al-Dabbashi, Libyan Musab Abu-Qarin, described as a "central actor" in migrant smuggling in the coastal area of Sabratha, Libyan Mohammed Kachlaf, head of the Shuhada al Nasr brigade in Zawiya, western Libya and finally, Abd al Rahman al-Milad, who heads the Libyan coast guard in Zawiya.
Al-Milad was cited for running an operation in which he and other coast guard members would open fire on migrant boats, causing them to sink and would then pick up refugees at sea who were sent to detention centers and beaten, the documents said.
Ghermay and Abelrazak were cited for organizing countless perilous journeys across the Mediterranean that ended in shipwrecks and for running private detention camps in Libya.
During the council meeting, Russian Deputy Ambassador Vladimir Safronkov did not specifically mention the sanctions request but said the migrant problem should be not be tackled with "half-measures."